?NamRoi? pommelo is the seedless cultivar, high quality at theMekongDelta. Nevertheless, fruits of the cultivar have many seeds in the practical production. Causing seeds of the fruit is vestigated in the study. Flower of the cultivar is a hermaphrodite, which has a wet stigma on opening time, average 30 anthers/flower, 150 ovules/ovary. Moreover, their pollens germinated average 33% in vitro condition, comparing 40% of ?Da Xanh? pommelo (Citrus grandis var. ?Da Xanh?), and 56% of ?Long? pommelo (Citrus grandis var. ?Long?), and 13% of ?cam Sanh? (Citrus nobilis). Pollen tubes growth of self-pollination hand of the cultivar were stained by aniline blue and observed them UV fluorescence microscopy, in which there were 2,335 pollen tube growth in stigma, 426 in upper style but their absence in lower style as well as in ovule. On the contrary to, when using pollen of ?Long? pommelo took cross pollination with ?Nam Roi?, pollen tube growth reached to 3,177 in stigma, 1,142 in upper style, 136 in lower style, and 117 in ovary. Number of seeds of cross pollination of ?NamRoi? received 114 seeds/fruit while their self pollination was absolutely absent. Basing on the results, it can be considered that seedless ?NamRoi? is self-incompactible fertilization. The seeded fruit of ?NamRoi? is caused by cross pollination.

Experiments on ?Effect of some technical methods on grain discoloration disease, grain yield and rice milling? were carried out in wet season in 2005 (Early Summer and Main Summer crop) to find out the effect of certified seed, seed treatment and some chemicals to discolored grains, grain yield and rice milling recovery. These experiments implemented on varieties OM3536 and Jasmine85; seed rate was 100 kg/ha. Results showed that certified seed was non infected on discolored grain as paddy rice seed but certified seed was less infected brown spot leaf disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae. Seed treating by a 15% brine solution induced filled grain and 1,000- grain weight. Seed treatment did not effect on grain discoloration. Tilt super 300EC, Cuproxat 325SC and Starner 20WP did not effect on grain yield, and rice milling recovery, only Tilt super 300EC reduced severity of discolored glumes. Discolored grain did not influence on grain yield but it had effect on decreasing head rice and increasing chalkiness.

Fungi are popular pathogen in aquatic animals. The aims of this study are to systematize fungal diseases in aquatic animals, to summarize the results of previous studies included isolation, culture and identification in order to apply knowledge for fungal diseases study. There are two groups of fungi that common infected on aquatic animals. The lower fungi have hyphae without septate for examples Saprolegnia, Achlya, Aphanomyces, Branchiomyces, Lagenidium and Haliphthoros and the higher fungi have hyphae with septate included Fusarium, Exophiala, Ochroconis, Acremonium and Plectosporium. Methodology of fungal study for sample collection, wet-mount observation, isolation, single conidium culture, slide culture, asexual reproduction, and identification are described in this paper.

At the present, due to the requirement of aromatic rice variety with brown plant hopper resistance, good quality for production and export, a cross between two purified lines BN (medium quality, short maturity and brown plant hopper resistance) and TP5 (aromatic rice with good quality) was done. By applying electrophoresis SDS-PAGE, DNA technique, some testing methods on quality and brown plant hopper resistance testing, the result showed that: 4 new pure lines were chosen - BN x TP5 ? 1 ? 2; BN x TP5 ? 4 ? 1; BN x TP5 ? 9 ? 2 and THL BN x TP5 ? 9 ? 3. These lines had common characteristics such as: aromatic, brown plant hopper resistance from level 1 to level 3, low amylose content ranged from 16,8% to 17,3%, high protein content ranged from 10,2% to 10,4%, long grain (7 mm), maturity 95 days (A1), 97 cm to 100 cm plant height, high yield (from 6,4 ton/ha to 7,5 ton/ha).

Experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of calcium and bat manure supplements into nutrient medium of tomato hydroponic. Experiments were designed as randomized complete with 10 replications. Hydroponic nutrient formular was according toBentonJone (1999). Calcium used in experiments was calcium nitrate and added at flowering and fruiting stages. 20 g of Bat manure added into 5 kg growing substrate plastic bag at the beginning of planting. Growing substrate were coconut husk powders and fibres containing in 5 kg plastic bag. Each bag was planted two seedlings. Results showed that calcium supplement was not efficient as compared with original nutrient formular. But Bat manure supplement was very efficient. It improved yield and quality of tomato    

The Trichoderma isolates were collected in the Mekong Delta and investigated for the antagonistic ability of biological control. The promised isolates were combined into some powder products according to disease objectives: ?Tricô-ĐHCT? has high effective to control root rot disease (caused by Fusarium solani) on fruit and vegetable crops; ?Tricô-Lúa Von? can control bakanae disease by F. moniliforme on rice; ?Tricô-Phytoph? can inhibit efficiently the development of Phytophthora palmivora on durian, pepper, paulownia, rubber...; ?Tricô-Nấm Hồng? can apply for biological control of pink disease by Corticium salmonicolor on perennial crops and ?Tricô-Khóm? has the highest eficiency on Phytophthora and Fusarium on pineapple.

The topsoil removal has been executed in large areas in several provinces in theMekongdelta. The loss of topsoil may lead to soil degradation and reduce crop yield. The aim of this study was to improve the soil fertility and rice yield in the topsoil removed field at Chau Thanh, Tra Vinh. Sugarcane filter cake compost and cow dung manure were applied at 10 tons and 20 tons per ha (with low dose of inorganic fertilizers) in comparision with farmers? practice for rice cultivation. Soil nutrient status was analyzed and rice yield were recorded. The results indicated that topsoil removal resulted in reducing large amount of nutrients in soil evidently compared with normal soil. Compost and manure amendment promoted nitrogen availble, labile organic carbon; stimulated soil mineralization and increased rice yield remarkably. However, soil pH, phosphorus available and potassium available had a tendency of increasing but did not different  between compost addition and organic fertilizer application. Twenty tons of compost amendment was the most positive effect for increasing of soil nutrients with the highest labile organic matter, labile organic nitrogen and therefore, increasing rice yield. Generally, combined addition of compost and low dosage of fertilezer had a positive effect to improve soil nutrient supplying and rice yield.

The objective of this study is to determine effective concentration of paclobutrazol (PBZ) application on langsat flowering. Experiment was conducted in Cai Rang district, Can Tho city. Twenty langsat trees which were 32 year old and vegatative propagted were investigated. The experiment included 4 treatments arranged in complete randomized design with 5 replications, each replication equal to one tree. Treatments are concentrations of PBZ application, i.e. 0, 500, 1,000 and 1,500 ppm. PBZ was applied by foliar spray at 10 day after applying MKP (0-52-34) at 0.5%. Results showed that foliar application of PBZ at 500, 1,000 or 1,500 ppm brought about forming acceleration of flower shoot, increasing flowering rate and number of flower per raceme, but not reducing raceme length. Trees applied PBZ at 1,500 ppm had high number of fruit per raceme (38,6 fruit/raceme) thus high yield (45.8 kg/tree) achieved without negative impact on number of fruit/raceme, average fruit weight and quality. 

This study is carried out to evaluate soil water characteristics of the fluvial soil in the area of intensive rice cultivation at Cai Lay district - Tien Giang province in theMekongDelta. Results show that the soil water retention curves from the four horizons of soil profile are all typical for a clayey soil; their slopes are steep and the shape of the curve is rather uniform. The volume water content ranges beween 0.25 ? 0.55 cm3/cm3 in most of the water retention curves. The topsoil has the highest available soil water capacity (0.31 cm3/cm3). The available soil water capacity is lower in the subsoil horizon, especially in the compacted AB horizon (0.19 cm3/cm3). Cumulative soil water storage curves were calculated at field capacity, wilting point together with the p value of selected crops (soybean, mungbean and maize). Results show that the cumulative available soil water storage is 234.78 mm at 100 cm depth. Only about half of the total stored soil water is available for the crops. Only about one third of the stored soil water in the soil profile at field capacity is easily available for the crops. Therefore, the upland crops that will be planted in the field will be easily exposed to drought stress in the drying soil.

Study using three best cellulolytic bacterial isolates composing of one mesophylic isolate [C1b isolate] and two thermophylic isolates [3a1 and 3a2 isolate] were conducted in 10-litre bioreactors to evaluate organic wastes degradation ability. The experiment was a completely randomized design with four replications including eight treatments to study organic wastes degradation ability of three best cellulolytic bacterial isolates for 22 days; Temperature, pH, % lost waste-volume, % reduced waste dry-weight, organic matter, C/N ratio, CO2, CH4 gas and bacterial population were recorded as function of time. The results showed that the treatment using mesophylic isolate [C1b isolate] and thermophylic isolate [3a2 isolate] reached to most appropriate parameters. Furthermore, low amounts of CO2 and CH4 gas releasing of these isolates as good indicators in terms of protection of environment.

Artemia is an endemic species of the saline habitats and their distribution is all over the world. The adaptation of Artemia to a new biotopes either by human or natural dispersion is still being a hot issues for biologists to investigate. In this study, five Artemia strains (cyst materials) originated from Sanfrancisco Bay (SFB) that were introduced to different man-made habitats involving Vinh Chau salt-ponds (Vietnam), Tuticurin saltponds (India) and Palatupana saltponds (Srilanka) with adapted times varied from one to over 20 years were used for studying the changes in Artemia cyst biometric, growth, lifespan as well as the reproduction characteristics of these strains. The results showed that those strains, which were inoculated in new habitats despite of adapted time, has some remarkable changes in cyst biometrics, survival, growth rate, lifespan and reproductive characteristics in comparison with the original SFB such as the cyst shell is 1,1-1,3 fold  thicker, the cyst diameter, embryo and the nauplius size have a tendency to be smaller than the original strain. Moreover, these strains perform a better survival and reproduction capacity (higher in total embryo/female; shorter in reproduction intervals and higher fecundity) than the original SFB while the SFB strain showed higher in percentage of off-spring encysted than the others.

In Vietnam, bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is considered a major factor limiting tomato production in the lowlands. Determine rootstocks that are capable giving high survival after grating and tolerance to bacterial wilt disease are very urgent solution. Using the tube grafting method from AVRDC (2003) were determine grafting compatibility of cultivated tomato variety RC 250 with rootstocks: tomato HW 96, tomato Da Lat, eggplant EG 203, eggplant Mustang, eggplant EG 195, local eggplant, eggplant TN 78 local eggplant, that were higher than 80%. The grafted plants onto Eggplant EG 203, eggplant Mustang and TN 78 showed resistance against the bacterial wilt disease, the percentage of death plant was 0.0% (highly resistant) with race V1 and V2 of Hau Giang province while non-grafted plants (control treament) were susceptible (60.0- 70.5%).

Five combination treatments between Ferralsol Phu Quoc and coconut dust DASA X2: 1/ 100% PQ soil-0% DASA X2, 2/70% PQ soil-30% DASA X2, 3/ 50% PQ soil-50% DASA X2, 4/ 30% PQ soil-70% DASA X2, 5/ 0% PQ soil-100% DASA X2 were was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design in nethouse of Cantho University from September 2008 to March 2009. Results showed that tomato Red Crown 250 in substrate 70% PQ soil-30% DASA X2, 50% PQ soil-50% DASA X2, 0% PQ soil-100% DASA X2 developed faster with higher total yield, marketable yield (fruit yield around 52,34-63,74 ton/ha) compared with plant in substrate 100% PQ soil-0% DASA X2 and 30% PQ soil-70% DASA X2 (fruit yield 41,47-42,24 ton/ha). There was no significant difference in qualities between 5 substrates.

Organic loading from aquaculture in the last wet season causes the culture environment becoming more and more degraded and polluted. In the coming dry-season these ponds are switched into Artemia culture systems for cysts/biomass production. Rich in N, P at beginning of dry-season has been considered as factors to stimulate/enhance algae development and to cause a so-called ?water-bloom? in Artemia ponds; excesses development of algae or water degradation will lead the Artemia culture becoming unstable/unsustainable in this area. Artemia culture study has been setting-up at the same ponds which used for mud-crab and mud-skipper culture in the last rainy season. Results indicated that ponds with rich-organic matter + semi-intensive culture displayed with higher N, P and Chlorophyll-a, as well. ?Water-bloom? did not occurred and Artemia develpment as usual and they started to reproduce at day 18-19. None the less cyst production was almost double for ponds with poor- compared to rich- organic matters (68.59±8.82 to 70.01±0.40 Vs. 32.60±10.02 to 45.63±5.61 kg WW/ha/crop). N, P accumulation was also recorded at the end of the crop and recommendation/suggestion for rotation culture system in the site have been discussed.

Research results show that rural labor force did not meet the quality of labor market as other industries due to the participation ability in the labor market is still limited. Factors regarding the shift of labor from agriculture to non-agriculture include workers' age, education level, farmily size,, the percentage of people without jobs compared to total number of persons who have jobs. These factors affect on the process of labor restructure directly. Research results also find out that restructure of labour has positively influence on the lives of both physical and mental of households. In addition, the labor movement also has positively impact on the education of the remaining members of the household, as well as promote other labor movement. Moreover, perceptions of households about health care or information are increasing.

In Exp1 consisting of 36 male rabbits at 12 weeks of age was arranged in 2*3 factorial design of two factors and three replications. The first factor was kinds of vegetables: water spinach (RM) and sweet potato vine (RL), the second one was fiber source supplement: Hymenache acutigluma (HA), Wedelia trilobata (WT) and none. Exp 2 was designed as similar as the Exp1 with the first factor was diet (only sweet potato vine (RL) and sweet potato vine plus para grass (RL+CLT) with rate of 1:1), the second one was the levels of DM feed offered (8, 9 and 10% of live weight). It was concluded that the ceacal fermentation of rabbits could be increased by increasing protein supplied but not for the fiber, while it was not affected by different feed levels offerred. Using water spinach or sweet potato vine as main feed will be good for growing rabbit.

The study aimed to identify the changes in soil organic matter quality under intensively triple rice cropping system and to evaluate the positive effects of different rice-upland crop rotation models on soil organic matter quality and its capacity in supplying available nitrogen (N). The results showed that rice yield gained in the treatments in which rice were rotated with upland crops, i.e. baby corn or mungbean was significantly higher than those in the triple rice cropping system. Rotating rice with baby corn or mungbean also resulted in significantly high contents of soil mobile humic acid (MHA), labile organic nitrogen and therefore, high soil available N supplying capacity in the following crop. Using labelled urea-15N to discriminate soil-N from fertilizer-N taken up by rice showed that there was more soil mineral N taken up in rotation systems compared to those in continuously triple rice system. This result revealed that net N mineralization was potentially higher in the rice-upland crops rotation systems. The study aimed to identify the changes in soil organic matter quality under intensively triple rice cropping system and to evaluate the positive effects of different rice-upland crop rotation models on soil organic matter quality and its capacity in supplying available nitrogen (N). The results showed that rice yield gained in the treatments in which rice were rotated with upland crops, i.e. baby corn or mungbean was significantly higher than those in the triple rice cropping system. Rotating rice with baby corn or mungbean also resulted in significantly high contents of soil mobile humic acid (MHA), labile organic nitrogen and therefore, high soil available N supplying capacity in the following crop. Using labelled urea-15N to discriminate soil-N from fertilizer-N taken up by rice showed that there was more soil mineral N taken up in rotation systems compared to those in continuously triple rice system. This result revealed that net N mineralization was potentially higher in the rice-upland crops rotation systems.

Shrim (Penaeus monodon) cultivation in Acid Sulphate Soil area where water input had low salinity may be not suitable for shrim growth. Objective of the study was to studying water quality in two typical shrim ponds at Vinh Vien commune, Long My district, Hau Giang province from March to July, 2006 to evaluate the suitability of shrim cultivation in the area. Results showed that at farmer?s current practice, water in shrimp pond had low pH (pH

The experiment of ?BioGro? bio-fertiliser was applied on dry season 2005-2006, wet season 2006 and dry season 2006-2007 in An Giang, Vinh Long and Soc Trang and Can Tho with the amount of BioGro is (300 kg/ha and fertiliser with 45N-40P2O5-30K2O). This experiment showed that applying BioGro improved the quality of grains such as bright grains; less disease and insect, less lodging; low plant height in three crops. It is possible to improve grain yield in the next crop. Applying ?BioGro? bio-fertiliser decreased investment cost 1,675,000 VND/ha in dry season, 1,867,000VND/ha in wet season and 860,000 VND/ha in dry season 2006-2007(damaged by Brown Plant Hopper and yellow dwarf). This experiment increased farmer?s profit, especially, this treatment decreased the cost for pesticide and fungicide and improved the quality of grain rice.

Tomato production during the hot, wet season (May to October) in lowland areas of Mekong Delta region normally is avoided because the risk of failure is high. High rainfall combines with flooding lead into soil diseases easily that causes reducing yield seriously, among them bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) is the most important. The study was conducted in Hau Giang province from May to October 2007 in the field with ratio of bacterial wilt disease over 50%. Experimental results were determined eggplant EG 203 rootstock (percentage of death plant 0,0%), the next was tomato HW 96 and tomato Da Lat rootstocks (9.0-11.5% plant died) while the control (non-grafting) was the most sensitive (70.5% plant died). Grafting Red Crown 250 onto tomato Da Lat, HW 96 and eggplant EG 195 rootstocks gave good growth characteristics and fruit yield were 24.42, 20.07 and 21.19 tons/ha, higher than non-grafting (4.43 ton/ha, about 4.78-5.51 times. Fruit quality (skin color, fruit thickness of skin, brix degree, hardness of fruits, vitamin C and dry matter content of fruits) were similar. Benefit ratio of cultivated tomato variety Red Crown 250 with tomato Da Lat, HW 96 and eggplant EG 203 rootstocks were 1.08, 0.71 and 0.81 higher than non-grafting (-0.49). Grafted tomato should use for commercial production in Haugiang province where soilborn disease pressure is high.

Sensitivity of cholinesterase (ChE) of Climbing perch to insecticide diazinon and it?s recovery in clean water have been assessed in laboratory. ChE was not only very sensitive to diazinon, it was also long time inhibited. It is indicated that ChE in the species can be potentially used as biomarker of pesticide exposure and effects. This study was carried out on 4 ricefields in Can Tho City to assess the possibility of using muscle ChE in the species as biomarker of exposure and effects of Diazan 60EC application. Results showed that diazinon concentration after 1 hour application varied between 8 and 711àg/L and were below detection limit (0,3àg/L) within 5 days in the ricefields. These applications caused muscle ChE inhibition between 29% and 85%. ChE inhibition was found of dose dependent. Recovery was found after 7 days application. The inhibition remained between 22% and 60% after 2-week application. Negative effects from Diazan 60EC application on ChE may be one of causes of reduction Climbing perch production in theMekongdelta. Muscle ChE in this species can be used as biomarker for diazinon contamination monitoring and it?s effects on Climbing perch.

Polianthes tuberosa is a commercially valuable flower crop in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam that is propagated by the harvesting and planting of bulbs. The cultivation of P. tuberosa is infected by Aphelenchoides besseyi nematode infection that damages a high proportion of the plants and persists within the bulbs. Here we report on the comparison of hot water and pesticide treatments as control methods to protect P. tuberosa from A. besseyi damage, and conclude that the hot water treatment is the most efficacious method.

Beginning from the degenerated seasonal black sticky rice (Nep Than) which collected in Soc Trang and Tra Vinh  provine, we used traditional breeding assistant with SDS-PAGE techneque to reduce the time of growth (to break the photoperiod characteristic), improve the yield and quality of this variety. The result at F4 generation (seed F5) showed  that: 3 new excellent sticky rice lines were chosen which had some particularities such as: purify, aromatic, short maturity, low amylose contain (2,80%-2,97%), high protein contain (10,1%-10,7%), high yield (4,9-5,5 ton/ha) and still maitain the black colour in milled rice as original.

The research measures willingness to pay (WTP) using contingent valuation method (CVM) for a Conservation Program of the Vietnamese Grus Antigones, which are now critically endangered. A drop-off survey of 738 households was done in Can Tho City; 410 households responded. Results from the study indicated less than 50% of respondents were willing to pay for the Conservation Program. The bid, respondent?s education, household?s income, respondent?s knowledge on Grus Antigones and respondent?s belief on the recommended conservation program had a significant impact on the WTP. The mean WTP was estimated at 12.222 VND/household.

In order to increase protein content ofCanThoUniversitysoybean germplasm, 166 acessions were analayzed by Kjeldahl and SDS-PAGE methods. Results showed that introduced accession had protein contentranged from 34,83% to 47,09% while domestic ones ranged 31,29% to 43,36%. SDS-PAGE method could prove that acessions analayzed were pure line or not. The coeffcient correlation among protein content, b basic subunits and acidic subunits was positive. The acessions: BA VI and BOONE proved that they wre pure lines and high protein content. They should be used to be parents in future crossess.

Three bio-control products were tested, i.e., BIOSAR-3 ĐHCT (0.05 mM CuCl2), BIOBAC-1 ĐHCT (Pseudomonas fluorescens TG17), and TRICÔ ĐHCT (5 Trichoderma spp. isolates), to manage diseases of rice, fruit trees, and vegetables in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. BIOSAR-3 ĐHCT was, among others, capable of controlling rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) by induced resistance. BIOBAC-1 ĐHCT and TRICÔ ĐHCT controlled plant pathogens by direct antagonism. BIOBAC-1 ĐHCT could manage sheath blight in rice (Rhizoctonia solani) and several other plant diseases. TRICÔ ĐHCT is a strong antagonist of Fusarium solani, Phytophthora sp., and other Fusarium species, which cause diseases on fruit trees, vegetables, and other plants. Application protocols and production processes were optimized. The products were distributed for large-scale field application, farmers accepted their effects, and they could be commercialized.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of some cultivation practices on improving of the natural soil fertility and to increase rice yield in the areas of three rice crops isolated by dike at Cai Lay district, Tien Giang province. Field experiments were carried out with four treatments: (1)Continuous triple rice as a control treatment (2)Continuous triple rice, after harvesting, soil was dried for three weeks (3) after harvesting, soil was dried for three weeks in applying with 10 tons.ha-1 of organic fertilizer (4) Two rice alternated with maize and maize crop applied with 10 tons/ha of organic fertilizer. The results showed that drying soil for three weeks with and without 10 tons/ha organic fertilizer, application rice alternated with maize resulted on improving the content of soil organic matter, labile organic carbon, available phosphorus, and nitrogen compared to continuous triple rice. These practices positively influence to the rice growth and increasing the rice yield compared to that of continuous triple rice cultivation without organic fertilizer application.

Application of remote sensing to delineate the environmental resources is considering as an useful technique, especially in peat land inventory. Imageries of World View 1 and QuickBird satelites, with 58 location for land cover monitoring and 40 locations for peat land identification were collected and positioned, which delineated 6 land cover groups including pond; natural old Melaleuca Cajiputi forest Stenochloena palustris and Polybotrya appendiculata; mature planting Melaleuca Cajiputi forest, immature planting Melaleuca Cajiputi forest and reed). The overall accuracy assessment for both image types was 94% and 95,6%; in which two natural old Melaleuca cajiputi forest and  Stenochloena palustris, Polybotrya appendiculata give high relation with the present of peat. The land cover delineation for Uminhha national park showed that old Melaleuca cajiputi  forest, Stenochloena palustris and Polybotrya appendiculata were developed on peat soils.

Two experiments were conducted to determine good radish sprout (Raphanus sativus L.) substrates with high yield. Five combined treatments of ferralsoil Phu Quoc and coconut dust DASA X0 were laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design in nethouse of Cantho University from December 2008 to March 2009. Results of first experiment showed that plant height and marketable yield (6,17 kg/m2) of radish sprout were the highest on substrate with coconut only dust (0% PQ soil - 100% DASA Xo), treatments with only Ferralsol (100% PQ soil-0% DASA Xo) and mix 50% PQ soil-50% DASA Xo had the lowest yield (4,76 and 4,88 kg/m2, respectively). The yield of radish sprout with reused substrate was only 12-13% in comparison with the first use.

Studies on induced resistance of vegetables against anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum were carried out under net house condition for chili and tomato and under net house and field conditions for cucumber to evaluate the ability of induced resistance of some chemicals based on biological, histopathological and biochemical aspects. For cucumber, results showed that calcium chloride not only gave good and long effective under field trial but also had early increased activities of chitinase and got the high peak at 144 hours after challenge. For tomato, chitosan had good ability to limit lesion size (at levels 1, 2 & 3), decreased sporulation of fungus and increased polyphenol accumulation. For chili, salicylic acid had shown good ability to help the plant against anthracnose disease by inhibiting spore germination, appressorium formation, size of appressorium, early cellular reaction and increasing of polyphenol and callose accumulations

The research (2004 - 2008) regarding the potential use of Chelisoches variegatus (Burr, 1917) and C. morio (Fabricius, 1775) (local natural enemies) as a biological agent to control coconut leaf beetle Brontispa longissima through researching on the biological aspects (life cycle, reproduction, longevity, surviving, predation capacity, and capacity to damage crops) and the earwig mass-rearing process showed that: with the life cycle not so long life cycle (72.3 ± 1.4 days) days C. variegatus, 80.8 ± 2.4 days for C. morio), high reproduction (average: 243 eggs for C. variegatus and 144.5 eggs for C. morio), longevity of the earwig adults of more than 7 months, and with an efficient, productive, and low price mass-rearing, these two earwigs can be used efficiently to control not only B. longissima but also other insects pest such as Nilaparvata lugens, Spodoptera litura, Aphids, Lamprosema indica, Pseudococcus sp., termites,?During the years of 2007 - 2008, the earwig mass-rearing technique have been introduced to many Plant Protection Departments? staff members through whom, the technique have recently been transferred to the coconut farmers in Vietnam.

This study was conducted in feces, carcasses, environments at 16 slaughter houses, 19 retail markets at 4 provinces and a city. The prevalence of Salmonella in animal feces, meat, environments and diarrheic patients in the Mekong Delta were 9.51% (446/4,690 samples). The positive rate of Salmonella in sows were highest. The ratio of Salmonella in pork (17.50%), beef (17.32%) were higher than in pigs feces (6.09%) and cattle (6.59%). Salmonella contaminated in chicken meat (8.81%), duck meat (10.69%) were similar to chicken (8.81%) and duck feces (6.68%). Salmonella contaminated rate in meat at slaughter houses and retail markets were significant difference and from 9.13% to 18.52%. Nineteen predominant serovars out of 55 Salmonella serovars were indentified. The most common serovars were S. Anatum, S. Typhimurium, S. Weltevreden, S. Senftenberg, S. Newport. Animal guts? content were the most important contaminated sources of Salmonella. Animals, specially pork and beef were the most important transmitted sources of human Salmonellosis. 

The three treatmens experience includes 0.5; 2.1; 5.2mg/L of fenobucarb, which is active element of BASSAN 50EC and control treatmen, to assess affects of fenobucarb on survival rate, growth and activitiy of cholinesterase. The result showed that survival rate and growth depend on which concentrations of fenobucarb. Specific growth rate, daily weight gain and feed conversion rate in fenobucarb exposured treatments are significantly changed. Fenobucarb, a neural inhibitor, is disintegrated speedily. The activities of cholinesterase had no significantly change during experiences time.