Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl. is commonly used to treat cold, rheumatism, hematemesis, metrorrhagia, and gastroenteritis. Although E. ciliata is already included in the Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia, its current monograph lacks official reference standards for quality control. This study aimed to isolate major flavonoids from E. ciliata to propose candidate reference standards for the improvement of quality specifications. Five major flavonoids, including pedalin, luteolin-7-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosid, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosid, 7,3'-dimethoxyluteolin-6-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranosid, and 5,6,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavon, were isolated by chromatographic methods from the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant. The compounds were structurally elucidated and their purity was evaluated by HPLC, all exceeding 96%. The findings provide potential reference materials that can support the development of in-house quality standards and contribute to the future revision of the Pharmacopoeia monograph.

In this study, FeCo-ZIFs with highly crystalline structures were successfully synthesized in a methanol environment using a solvothermal method. The structural characteristics of FeCo-ZIFs were evaluated using advanced analytical techniques, including PXRD, FT-IR, EDX, SEM, TGA, and nitrogen adsorption analysis. FeCo-ZIFs were investigated for their catalytic ability to degrade orange acid 7 (AO7) in the presence of potassium peroxydisulfate. Factors affecting catalytic efficiency, including PDS concentration, catalyst mass, AO7 concentration, and reaction time, were examined. The study demonstrated that FeCo-ZIF could degrade 99.2% of AO7 at a concentration of 30 mg/L within 20 minutes at room temperature, with PDS and FeCo-ZIFs concentrations of 0.1 g/L and 0.2 g/L, respectively. These findings suggest that FeCo-ZIFs are a promising material for removing toxic persistent organic compounds from water, offering a sustainable method to help protect the environment.

Antibiotic contamination poses a significant threat to both the ecological environment and human health. The conventional methods for removing antibiotics from water sources have become a significant challenge. The adsorption process has been considered as a potential approach due to its high effectiveness in removing antibiotics, particularly at low concentrations. Among various adsorbents, biochar derived from agricultural waste has garnered particular attention in contaminant treatment due to its favorable characteristics, low-cost production, and eco-friendly nature. Studies reported that biochar-based adsorbents performed well in removing antibiotics compared to other adsorbents, potentially achieving a maximum adsorption capacity exceeding 550 mg/g, while their production costs ranged between 0.35 and 1.2 USD/kg, which is significantly cheaper than that of the others. Therefore, biochar has been considered an emerging approach for antibiotic treatment in Vietnam.

Automatic counting of fruit flies is one of the important tasks in agriculture. In particular, the double-counting mechanism, based on two pairs of infrared signal transmitters and receivers, has been applied and has good efficiency. However, the counting algorithm based on this mechanism still has many limitations. This study focuses on improving the accuracy of the dual counting mechanism based on the trap-entering behavior of fruit flies. An electronic trap with an integrated double-counting mechanism is designed, and the actual data is collected within one month to analyze the trap-entering behavior of fruit flies. These behaviors were used to develop an algorithm to count the number of fruit flies entering the trap. The experimental results showed that the trap operates stably and can detect and count the number of flies entering the trap with an accuracy of 95,05%. The result of this study could be used to develop an automatic system for detecting early warnings and managing fly distributions in the future.

In this study, collagen was extracted from catfish skin using ascorbic acid combined with the enzyme pepsin. The collagen sample, after extraction, is studied to create skin cream by the emulsification method. Next, the cream is evaluated for quality criteria according to the cosmetic management regulations of the Ministry of Health and sensory assessments. Evaluation results show glycolic acid 1.0%, collagen 4.0 %, cetyl alcohol 3.0%, and isopropyl myristate 15.0% are appropriate parameters of the collagen cream formula. The cream meets the quality requirements according to the cosmetic management regulations of the Ministry of Health and consumer perspectives.

Updating cadastral map changes remains an urgent issue to ensure timely reflection of land-use changes within managed areas, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of land management and land-use planning. This study examines and evaluates the feasibility of utilizing a combined UAV aerial imaging and LiDAR scanning solution to update and revise cadastral map changes in Binh Tho Ward, Ho Chi Minh City. Experimental results indicate promising accuracy: the achieved positional precision is sufficient to meet the requirements for updating cadastral maps at a 1:500 scale. Specifically, the root‑mean‑square error (RMSE) based on ground control point coordinates and parcel boundary points is 0,0454 m and 0,0548 m, respectively, when using LiDAR-enabled UAV flight and medium‑resolution image processing. Beyond accuracy, the UAV-based method significantly reduces project duration and lowers costs for cadastral map revision.

Water is an essential resource for life and sustainable human development. Increasing water pollution and freshwater scarcity have become serious global challenges. In this context, capacitive deionization (CDI) technology has been attracting growing attention due to its outstanding advantages, including low energy consumption, high treatment efficiency, reasonable cost, environmental friendliness, and the reusability of electrode materials. This article provides a systematic overview of the operating principles, system configurations, electrode materials, and key applications of CDI technology—not only in desalination but also in the removal of heavy metals, organic compounds, nutrients, and microorganisms. The paper also analyzes current opportunities and challenges, while proposing future research directions to expand the application of CDI in water treatment in Vietnam.

This study presents the synthesis and application of activated carbon (AC) derived from Trapa bicornis shell waste for dual purposes: wastewater treatment and energy storage. The AC was successfully prepared via solid-state pyrolysis and chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH). XRD analysis confirmed a characteristic amorphous carbon structure with broad diffraction peaks at 2θ ≈ 23–30° and 45°. The material exhibited a porous surface with a high specific surface area of 774 m²/g. For environmental remediation, the AC was tested on real wastewater from a traditional sedge mat dyeing village, achieving 99.89% color removal and over 70% reduction in BOD₅ and COD. Furthermore, as a supercapacitor electrode material in 1.0 M Na₂SO₄ electrolyte, the AC delivered a maximum specific capacitance of 32 F/g at 0.5 A/g, 1V potential, and maintained 86.5% of its initial capacitance after 2000 cycles.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in textile wastewater by the combined coagulation and advanced oxidation process using UV and ozone (AOPs/UV-O₃). The experimental procedure consisted of three steps: fabrication of a treatment model, determination of optimal conditions for coagulation, and investigation of factors affecting the efficiency of AOPs/UV-O₃. The results showed that the coagulation process achieved optimal efficiency at pH = 6,5 with a dosage of PAC 600 mg/L and Polymer Anion 4 mg/L, achieving a removal efficiency of 71,4% for color and 55% for COD. The AOPs/UV-O₃ stage was performed with a reaction time of 40 minutes and continuous UV irradiation to improve the treatment efficiency, achieving a total removal efficiency of 81,4% for color and 87% for COD. The results provide a set of effective operational parameters that can be applied to enhance the performance of textile wastewater treatment systems, contributing to the advancement of efficient and environmentally friendly treatment technologies.

An A4 modular discrete group is researched in a minimal supersymmetric context with the type I  minimal seesaw mechanism in order to produce neutrino mass and to lower the number of free parameters and unexpected new particles when the Standard model is expanded. The researched model can explain all the data of the leptons  from experiments,  at the  confidence level. The values of the parameters of the model are also found. The baryogenesis generation through leptogenesis is calculated numerically. Our results show that the asymmetry between baryon number and anti-baryon number of the Universe is properly generated by our research model. 

Nghe An is a key province in the development of marine fisheries in Viet Nam. However, marine resources have faced many challenges due to overexploitation in recent years. To provide scientific information for the management, conservation, and development of fisheries resources, the study employed the seasonal bottom trawl surveys in 2022, combined with historical surveys, to present the biodiversity and the structure of the marine resources in this area. The results showed that Nghe An’s marine water has a high biodiversity, with 483 species/species groups recorded, including 346 fish species, 93 crustacean species, 32 cephalopod species, 9 gastropod species, and 3 bivalve species. In 2022, only 224 species were found during the surveys. The Shannon–Weiner diversity index (H'), Evenness (E), and Simpson’s index (D) were 3.28, 0.52, and 0.74, respectively. Demersal fishes accounted for the highest proportion of catch, followed by crustaceans. The species composition varied significantly between seasons, with a noticeable increase in the proportion of crustaceans in the coastal zone during the Southwest monsoon.

The study investigates the electronic structure and the transport properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with both armchair (AGNRs) and zigzag (ZGNRs) edges under the influence of a single-atom vacancy and a transverse electric field by the tight-binding method and Green’s function formalism. For a ribbon width of M = 14, the results indicate that the presence of the two factors leads to a bandgap opening, enabling the material to transition from metallic to semiconducting or insulating behavior. Furthermore, the results also show that the vacancy has a strong effect on AGNRs, while the transverse electric field exerts a stronger influence on ZGNRs. Notably, the combination of both factors produces a pronounced synergistic effect. Therefore, it can be seen that the impact of each type of external stimulus depends on the specific edge configuration and corresponding material structure, leading to distinct beneficial outcomes. As such, the obtained results provide a valuable suggestion for the development of predictive models that apply AGNRs and ZGNRs in future thermoelectric, nanoelectronic, and semiconductor technologies.

This study surveyed soil properties and collected data on conditions, morphology, and anatomy (at different stages) of Andrographis paniculata in the Mekong Delta, conducted in three locations: Soc Trang, Can Tho, and An Giang. The research findings indicated that at all three locations, Andrographis paniculata exhibited favorable growth parameters, including plant height, branch number, and leaf area. Notably, the samples collected from the Can Tho location consistently values than those from the other two locations. A distinct characteristic of the soil in this area is its high organic matter content. The anatomical structure of the stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata at various stages was described. The size and quantity of some types of tissue with reserve capacity (tissues associated with the storage of secondary metabolites) were measured, counted, and compared. These data can assist in determining the most appropriate stages for exploiting Andrographis paniculata.

The selection of heat-tolerant yeasts capable of fermenting a wide variety of fruits is crucial in the beverage fermentation industry. This approach not only helps reduce cooling costs during fermentation but also enables the use of diverse raw materials. The research results isolated and selected 6 yeast strains capable of producing ethanol at concentrations of 4-10%. Of these, 5 strains grew at 45oC in YPD broth medium. The MR strain isolated from jackfruit has with following characteristics: able to grow at 45oC;  pH suitable at 3.5 and adaptability on ethanol fermentation with guava, starfruit, jackfruit and oranges with ethanol concentrations of 10%, 10%, 8% and 6% respectively. Sequence analysis of the MR strain’s 18S rRNA gene revealed 91.34% similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae AUMC 10233. Further research and investigation of optimal conditions, including temperature, pH, fermentation time and fruit type, is needed to maximize the alcoholic fermentation potential of the MR strain, in order to improve ethanol production efficiency and wine quality on a variety of fruits.  

The genus Mallotus has many species with similar morphologies, making them easily confused. Among these, M. floribundus, M. peltatus, and M. philippensis are valuable medicinal plants with a wide distribution range and similar morphologies, leading to confusion during harvesting. DNA markers are increasingly used to accurately identify species, reducing the reliance on classification experts. In this study, three core DNA barcodes for plants,  rbcL, matK, and ITS  were studied to distinguish the three morphologically similar medicinal species M. floribundus, M. peltatus, and M. philippensis. The results show that the combination of the three markers ITS, rbcL, and matK, or the combination of the two markers ITS and rbcL, or ITS and matK, or ITS alone, or a part of ITS such as ITS1 or ITS2, can be used to differentiate these three Mallotus species.

This research aimed to evaluate the effects of osmotic stress induced by KCl, NaCl, and their combination on the growth, carotenoid biosynthesis, and antioxidant activity of the yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The results indicated that 0.5 M KCl and 0.5 – 1.5 M NaCl maintained relatively high biomass levels while promoting carotenoid accumulation. The combination of 0.5 M KCl and 1.0 M NaCl yielded optimal results, achieving the highest carotenoid content (230.40 µg/g) while sustaining considerable biomass. Thin-layer chromatography confirmed the presence of astaxanthin and β-carotene, with a noticeably enhanced astaxanthin band in the salt-stressed sample. Antioxidant activity assays revealed that the carotenoid extract exhibited significantly stronger reducing power and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging capacity than the standard Trolox, with the IC₅₀ of the salt-stressed sample being more than three times lower. These findings highlight the potential of carotenoids from R. mucilaginosa as natural antioxidants for applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

In this study, in vitro shoots were irradiated by gamma rays with various doses (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 80 Gy). Then shoots were cultured on half strength MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L NAA for 6 weeks of rooting. Plantlets were hardened and the growth and development. The results indicated that inflorescence and flower color characteristics changed from red to red pink, and some white spots appeared on petals. Dose of 20 Gy showed an increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width, while dose of 10 Gy resulted in the highest number of buds, number of flowers, flower diameter and shelf life. Analysis of phylogenetic relationship among mutant varieties based on morphological characteristics indicated that 10 Gy, 20 Gy, 60 Gy, and 40 Gy strains have a close relationship to control varieties. 30 Gy and 80 Gy varieties are closely related together, but separate from control lines.  The results of this study showed that a dose of 10 Gy could help plant breeders select a mutagenic line in form and flower color in  Sinningia speciosa varieties.

The study aimed to determine the appropriate microwave blanching power and time to inactivate peroxidase (POD) enzyme, improve color, and preserve the bioactive compound content and antioxidant capacity of Centella asiatica. The leaves were blanched in a microwave oven under two investigated factors: power (200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 W) and time (0, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 seconds). Blanching at 500 W for 61 seconds resulted in more than 90% POD inactivation and significantly improved color parameters (L* = 55.73±0.69, a* = -4.74±0.13, and b* = 12.55±0.79). Under this condition, the contents of total polyphenols (TPC) (118.10±2.85 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (TFC) (110.10±0.44 mg QE/g), and DPPH radical scavenging capacity (10.20±0.61 mg TE/g) were well maintained. POD inactivation kinetics at 500 W followed a first-order model with a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.9447), with kinetic parameters recorded as k = 0.0377 s⁻¹ and D = 60 seconds. Furthermore, a strong correlation was observed between POD activity and L*, a*, TPC, TFC, and DPPH values (r = -0.740; 0.851; -0.812; -0.656; and -0.939, respectively).

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) is known as a great nutritious material with bioactive compounds playing an important role in antioxidant activity (total phenolic content: 1.92±0.21 mg GAE/g and DPPH: 3.50±0.20 mg TE/g). However, its shelf life is short due to a high amount of moisture content (>90%). To produce high-quality, shelf-stable oyster mushroom floss, the study was conducted to investigate the effects of pre-processing sequences (tear – blanch – freeze), seasoning levels (3, 4, 5%), and sugar concentrations (5, 6, 7%), and methods of heat transfer (drying, roasting, and a combination of both). The results indicated that tearing followed by blanching and freezing provided the best integrity for the product. The oyster mushroom floss, supplemented with 4% seasoning and 5% sugar and combined heat treatment, achieved a good quality of 20±1% moisture, water activity (aw) 0.65, recovery efficiency greater than 77%, and a sensory acceptance score was out of 8/9. This innovation offers an effective solution for enhancing product stability and quality while reducing production time, improving sensory characteristics, and preserving nutritional properties by integrating freezing and combined heat processing techniques.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pectinase enzyme treatment and vacuum concentration conditions on the betacyanin content and antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) juice. The samples were treated with pectinase at concentrations of 0.05 – 0.10% for 15 – 60 minutes at 30 – 40°C, followed by concentration under vacuum pressures of 560 – 680 mmHg to achieve total soluble solids of 18 – 24°Brix. The results showed that treatment with 0.075% pectinase for 45 – 60 minutes yielded approximately 80% juice recovery, betacyanin contents of 339 – 345 mg/L, and the highest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 7.59%). During vacuum concentration, the betacyanin content increased due to pigment concentration, while variations in vacuum pressure had no significant effect. The combination of enzyme treatment at an appropriate concentration and vacuum concentration effectively enhanced juice yield, preserved natural pigments and bioactivity, and contributed to improving the value of red dragon fruit products.

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two bacterial strains, Curtobacterium citreum HH5 and Curtobacterium luteum MT6, on the growth, yield of mustard greens, and soil properties in Can Tho City. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The results of three experimental crops showed that the two bacterial strains MT6 and HH5 helped reduce 25% of chemical fertilizers, while improving plant height, leaf length, leaf SPAD index, yield and dry biomass of mustard greens, especially helping to reduce the nitrate content accumulated in the stem. The MT6 bacterial strain stimulated root length, increased yield and dry biomass better than the HH5 bacterial strain. Both bacterial strains helped improve P-avail., EC and pH in the soil compared to the treatment with only chemical fertilizers. In particular, the MT6 bacterial strain helped increase P-total in the stem and P-avail. in the soil. In addition, the treatments with the bacterial strain also improved the numbers of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus and silicon solubilizing bacteria in the soil.

More than 35% of farmers in Phan Rang preserve garlic bulbs for the next season using improper methods, often including substandard cloves that are not suitable for propagation. As a result, the garlic variety has gradually degenerated, leading to reduced yield and quality. This study aimed to select and restore a Phan Rang garlic variety with a yield at least 10% higher than that of commonly cultivated varieties, while maintaining the distinct characteristics of Phan Rang garlic under the climatic and soil conditions of Ninh Thuan Province. The method of improved mass selection was applied. After three cropping seasons, the project selected 210 G1 garlic samples (elite lines selected from 1.017 initial G0 samples in the base material field of Phan Rang garlic) and successfully restored 7 composite lines, labeled L1 through L7 (L: experimental lots), to super foundation seed grade. A total of 8.180 restored garlic bulbs, equivalent to 167 kg of pure Phan Rang garlic seed, were obtained. The yield of the single lines within the composite lines ranged from 10.6 to 10.9 tons per hectare, which was 30.9% to 39.5% higher than the unrestored control.

The article aims to assess the physical and economic land potential as a foundation for proposing a sustainable agricultural land-use arrangement in Tinh Bien Town. The FAO land evaluation method (1976, 2007) was applied to determine the physical and economic suitability of land for various agricultural land-use types. The study results identified five physical land adaptation zones and eight economic-physical adaptation zones for six agricultural land-use types from ten land units. Based on these findings, three agricultural production zones were proposed, prioritizing selected land-use types for crop structure conversion. Additionally, solutions were recommended to address the limiting factors affecting land adaptability both structural and non-structural aiming to enhance land-use efficiency and ensure the sustainable exploitation of land resources in areas affected by flooding, drought, and acid sulfate soil.

This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nitrogen-fixing purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) in enhancing rice growth and yield during the Summer-Autumn season in saline soils within the rice-shrimp system in Chau Thanh-Tra Vinh, My Xuyen-Soc Trang, Thoi Binh-Ca Mau, and An Bien-Kien Giang. The 4 x 4 factorial experiment performed in a completely randomized block design, including the first factor (A) as the fertilizer levels (100, 75, 50, and 0% with 100N-60P2O5-30K2O), and the second factor as liquid biofertilizers (B) (no added bacteria, added strains R. sphaeroides S01, added strains R. sphaeroides S06, and added a mixture of two strains R. sphaeroides S01 and S06), with four replicates and eight seeds in pot in a greenhouse. The results showed that use of PNSB, R. sphaeroides S01, S06 increased rice plant height (2.60 - 24.3%), rice panicle length (4.42 - 14.3%), number of panicles pot-1 (7.48 - 25.4%), number of grains per panicle (3.11 - 40.4%), percentage of filled grains (0.68 - 23.6%), and grain yield (7.03 - 69.9%) in soil from four surveyed areas.

This study investigated the current status of antibiotic use in snakehead (Channa striata) aquaculture through interviews with 103 farming households in An Giang (47 farmers) and Tra Vinh (56 farmers) provinces, Viet Nam, from October 2023 to August 2024. Results from the survey showed that farmers reported 8 common clinical signs, in which hemorrhagic intestinal disease (97.3% - 100%), liver and kidney infection (87.5% - 100%), and skin ulcers (63.3% - 92.3%) were dominant in pond and hapa. The farmer used 14 single and one combined antibiotic compound to control the bacterial infection. The most commonly used antibiotics were amoxicillin, florfenicol, doxycycline, and sulfadiazine combined with trimethoprim. Farmers used antibiotics from 2 to 6 times/crop in pond aquaculture, while 2-5 times/crop in hapa and 2-5 times/crop in tank-culture. Training is necessary to reduce the misuse of antibiotics and ensure food safety.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sire breeds (Pietrain, Yorkshire, and Duroc) on the reproductive performance and pre-weaning growth of piglets born from crossbred sows (Landrace × Yorkshire). The results demonstrated that piglets from Yorkshire boars had the highest total number of piglets born (17.77 ± 0.74 piglets/litter) and weaned (16.11 ± 0.88 piglets/litter) (p < 0.001). In contrast, piglets sired by Duroc boars exhibited significantly greater weaning weight (7.80 ± 0.14 kg) and average daily gain (228.41 ± 5.36 g/day) compared with those from the other sire breeds (p < 0.01). Pre-weaning mortality did not differ significantly among the sire breeds (p > 0.05), although the Duroc group tended to have lower mortality rates. These findings suggest that sire breed selection can significantly influence piglet quality and productivity during the pre-weaning stage.

The study aimed to compare reproductive characteristics of sows and growth performance of piglets between two crossbred sow groups: Pi-LY and L-Y. The experiment was conducted on 240 sows (parities 3 – 5) mated with Duroc boars, including 120 Pi-LY and 120 L-Y sows. Pi-LY sows had a higher TLGLĐ (195 ± 1.92 vs. 189 ± 1.51 days, p < 0.05) and shorter TTGĐ (319 ± 16.5 vs. 382 ± 16.4 minutes, p < 0.05). In contrast, L-Y sows exhibited significantly higher SCSS (16.57 ± 0.23 vs. 15.71 ± 0.24, p = 0.02) and SCSSCS (15.65 ± 0.25 vs. 14.74 ± 0.23, p = 0.01). KL40NT was also higher in the L-Y group (10.55 ± 0.15 vs. 9.79 ± 0.19 kg, p = 0.001), along with KLCS/N/N (7.57 ± 0.11 vs. 7.02 ± 0.11 kg, p = 0.001). These results clearly reflect genetic differences between the two crossbred lines, the L-Y group, with benefits from maternal lines selected for reproductive traits, demonstrating superior outcomes in piglet quantity and pre-weaning growth.

In recent years, the issue of enhancing psychological counseling skills for teachers at secondary schools has begun to receive attention from educational management levels. However, the effectiveness of psychological counseling for students remains limited. During the counseling process, many teachers rely primarily on personal experience, lacking structured and appropriate skills. This highlights the pressing need for improved management of professional development in school psychological counseling for teachers. Based on theoretical foundations and practical survey results, this study surveyed 45 educational administrators, 450 teachers, 300 parents, and 300 students at PTDTBT secondary schools in Dien Bien Dong district. The study employed scientific research methods, particularly data analysis using SPSS 22.0 software. The results of the research shed light on the current state of professional development in psychological counseling, identifying both strengths and weaknesses, and propose several feasible solutions to improve its effectiveness, aligning with the current demands of educational reforms.

In response to educational reform aimed at developing students’ competencies, selecting appropriate teaching methods at the primary level is essential. The “Air” lesson in Grade 4 Science often poses challenges for students in conceptualizing and applying knowledge in practice. This study designed and tested a science comic–based teaching approach to enhance primary students’ scientific competence. Based on the theoretical foundations of science comics and a constructivist approach, the comic “The Journey to Trace the Green Breath” was developed and implemented with two student groups at a primary school. Quantitative analysis indicated that the experimental class achieved significantly higher learning outcomes than the control class (p < 0.001) and exhibited consistent progress across students. The study confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of science comics as an active teaching tool, contributing to the development of thinking skills and scientific competence in primary students.

This paper focuses on building a theoretical and practical basis for developing spatial thinking through simulation methods in teaching Geography. The study synthesizes documents to confirm the basis for developing spatial thinking through simulation and surveys and interviews to assess the status of using simulation methods to develop spatial thinking. The results show that spatial thinking is a specific Geography competency, plays an important role in Geography learning, and the simulation method has great potential to develop spatial thinking. The study proposes a process and develops measures to use simulation methods to effectively develop spatial thinking. Creating a solid theoretical and practical foundation is necessary for teachers to effectively use simulation methods in teaching Geography to develop thinking, contributing to improving the quality of education, according to the 2018 General Education Program.

This article presents the findings of a study on the current state of learning activities among international students (IS) at the People's Security College I under the Ministry of Public Security. The research examines learning activities through the lens of seven structural components: awareness of importance, objectives, content, methods, organizational forms,  conditions, and assessment of learning outcomes. The study employed a mixed-method approach, including surveys and in-depth interviews, with a sample of 55 educational managers, 80 lecturers, and 250 international students. Findings indicate that learning activities were implemented “frequently” and rated as “fairly effective” across all components. However, the average scores for effectiveness were consistently lower than those for implementation, revealing a gap between practice and outcomes. Particularly, assessment and learning methods were identified as areas requiring improvement. Based on these findings, the study proposes recommendations to enhance the quality of international students' learning activities through comprehensive and context-appropriate interventions aligned with each structural component of the learning process.

Enhancing the quality of teaching the National Defense and Security Education (NDSE) at Can Tho University is currently essential since this is a compulsory course for all undergraduate students. In this context, the application of information technology (IT) in teaching is considered a key solution. To accurately evaluate the current status of IT applications in teaching NDSE and to discover solutions for enhancing teaching effectiveness and quality, this study conducted a survey using structured questionnaires. The participants comprised 30 lecturers currently instructing and 309 students studying at the NDSE Center of Can Tho University, with 11 lecturers being interviewed. Research results indicate that the drawbacks of IT application in teaching the NDSE stem from numerous reasons, among which the content and applied methods in teaching by the instructors are crucial factors. Based on these findings, the study proposes several solutions to innovate IT applications in teaching NDSE.

The study was conducted to assess visitor satisfaction with tourism business activities at Cai Rang Floating Market, Can Tho City. Data were collected through structured questionnaire interviews with 203 tourists. The criteria for assessing satisfaction were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, and variance analysis. The results revealed three main groups of factors influencing tourist satisfaction: attractiveness, service quality, and the environmental condition of the destination. Notably, the level of satisfaction after the experience positively influenced tourists' intention to return and recommend the destination. Furthermore, the analysis showed no statistically significant differences in satisfaction levels across different demographic groups. Based on the findings, several practical solutions are proposed to enhance tourists’ satisfaction and support the sustainable development of tourism at Cai Rang Floating Market.

This study aims to evaluate the impact of employees’ green operational practices on the environmental performance of commercial banks in Ho Chi Minh City. Primary data were collected online from 375 employees specializing in green banking and analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results reveal that three key factors directly influence environmental performance: green banking policy practices (0.313), employee operational practices (0.312), and green product development practices (0.292). The study also identifies the significant moderating roles of these three factors in enhancing environmental performance. Specifically, on-site practices and customer-related operations directly influence employee practices, green product development, and policy implementation, which in turn indirectly affect environmental performance. The findings provide empirical evidence of the relationship between green operational practices and environmental performance, contributing to the scientific foundation for green banking development.

The Vietnamese automobile sector is regarded as possessing significant growth potential, although it is also a fiercely competitive business. To attract customers and effectively position the brand, automakers endeavor to employ many marketing strategies, including contemporary digital marketing techniques and the creation of engaging promotional content, such as brand storytelling marketing. This study investigates the influence of brand storytelling marketing on consumer-based brand equity in the automotive sector, emphasizing the significant moderating role of brand personality. Data gathered from 256 relevant responses from individuals who purchased cars and engaged on social media platforms, analyzed using SmartPLS software, indicates that brand storytelling marketing positively influences automotive brand equity, moderated by brand personality. Consequently, the study suggests several pertinent management implications.