The rapid increase in traffic volume, particularly personal vehicles, has created an urgent need for effective traffic light management and monitoring to ensure safety and reduce congestion. This study leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to develop a system capable of recognizing traffic light statuses (red, green, yellow, and malfunctioning) and transmitting data remotely, enabling timely detection and resolution of issues. The research process consists of two main phases: (1) data collection, processing, and training of the YOLOv8 model for traffic light recognition, and (2) development of an Android mobile application that connects users with the monitoring system. Experimental results demonstrate high model performance (mAP50 ~ 0.959), achieving an accuracy rate of 83% in traffic light recognition. This system not only enhances traffic monitoring through AI but also contributes to digital transformation efforts, paving the way for the development of intelligent transportation systems.

This paper proposes an algorithm flowchart to evaluate the impact of parameters in the Bayesian Optimization using the Gaussian Process (BO-GP) algorithm on the LightGBM model for short-term load forecasting. The investigated hyperparameters include learning_rate, n_estimators, max_depth, subsample, and colsample_bytree. The performance of the BO-GP algorithm is assessed based on two primary parameters: the number of optimization iterations (n_iter) and the number of folds in cross-validation (k-fold). To assess the model's stability, the coefficient of dispersion (CD%) is calculated by repeating the BO-GP process n = 30 times. The study utilizes daily peak load data from Victoria, Australia. The experiments revealed that the optimal n_iter value was 80, compared to the default of 50. Similarly, optimal performance for k-fold was observed at values of 4, 6, and 7, while the default was 3. The study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate parameters of the BO-GP algorithm to optimize the LightGBM model for load forecasting.

This study analyzed rainfall variability across three typical ecological zones in Kien Giang Province from 1992 to 2023, using the non-parametric Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator. The results indicated that the total annual rainfall generally showed no significant changes, but clear spatial and temporal variations existed. In the freshwater zone, rainfall significantly increased in January, September, and annually, with a notable rise in Chau Thanh. Rainfall trends in Giong Rieng and Go Quao showed significant decreases in August (p ≤ 0,05). In the brackish water zone, rainfall increased in September and during the dry season at Kien Luong, whereas a significant decrease was observed in August at Hon Dat and Ha Tien (p ≤ 0,05). In the saline water zone, rainfall trends increased in September and at An Bien, while Vinh Thuan experienced a slight decrease (p ≤ 0,05). The study confirmed the influence of climate change on rainfall distribution, highlighting the need for appropriate adjustments in production strategies and water resource management tailored to each ecological zone.

The issue of riverbank erosion in the irrigation canal system in An Giang province is a serious problem that affects the livelihoods and socio-economic development of the local area. This study employs the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method combined with survey questionnaires to identify key causes and propose mitigation solutions. The findings highlight major contributing factors, including soft soil, flow variation, road traffic development, excessive sand mining, and encroachment on river safety corridors. Proposed erosion control measures are ranked based on feasibility, with community awareness and mobilization receiving the highest rating, followed by traffic warning systems, soft embankments, and regular monitoring. The combination of PRA and survey methods ensures a comprehensive assessment of causes and solutions.

In this study, solid polymer electrolytes based on a PEO matrix blended with two other PMMA and PVdF-HFP at different ratios  (1:1:1, 1:2:2, 2:2:1, 2:1:2) along with LiTFSI salt (10-15-20-25-30% salt). The structure, morphology and functional groups of the electrolyte solid membrane was examined using X-ray diffraction, a scanning electron microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical properties of the solid polymer electrolytes were also evaluated using Galvanostatic cycling with Potential Limitation (GCPL). Both solid state electrolytes at ratios 1:1:1 and 1:2:2  showed good Coulomb efficiency > 99%. Typically, the electrolyte of 1:1:1 - 25% LiTFSI ratio showed initial cycle-specific capacity of 100.9 mAh/g, and remained 94.4% initial value after 50 cycles. When charged and discharged at different current rates (C/10, C/5, C/3, C/2, 1C, and 2C), the cell using 1:1:1 - 25% LiTFSI ratio offered a specific capacity of approximately 79.5 mAh/g at a C/2 rate, which was higher than the 1:2:2 - 25% LiTFSI ratio only achieved about 58.7 mAh/g.

Eudragit RS30D, a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, is swellable in water and sustains the drug release rate. Thus, this study prepared Eudragit RS30D-functionalized silk fibroin microparticles, loading the anti-inflammatory drug methylprednisolone (MP) for oral application. Fibroin was extracted from dried silk cocoons with an extraction efficiency of 32.7%. The co-condensation method was used to prepare the microparticles with the highest MP entrapment efficiency of 57.18 ± 6.99%, and sizes of 1-14 µm. The components of the microparticle system interacted with each other, as evidenced by the distinctive peaks of fibroin, Eudragit RS30D, and MP on the FT-IR spectrum. The microparticles could control the MP release rates in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. The release process followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model, which combines diffusion and decay/corrosion.

This study aims to establish the existence of a central limit theorem for the nearest-neighbor random walks in a one-dimensional space. The results are based on the assumption that while the transition probabilities tend to diverge, their subsequences exhibit convergence. The paper employs the moment method as the primary analytical tool to demonstrate the normal approximation of the considered process.

In the paper, optimality conditions are established for various types of efficient solutions associated with an arbitrary set and its recession cone in the vector optimization problem. First, the separation theorems for convex sets, the concepts of improvement sets, and the recession cone of an arbitrary set are recalled, and some of their new properties are also investigated. Then, the model of the vector optimization problem is examined, along with its Pareto efficient solutions corresponding to an arbitrary set and Benson efficient solutions corresponding to the recession cone. Finally, by employing the linear scalarization method, necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for these efficient solutions are derived.

Limonia acidissima L. (wood apple) grows naturally or is cultivated in certain sandy, arid, or coastal regions. The fruit possesses an aroma and sweet and sour flavors. However, its economic significance is limited. In this study, the fruit was processed to extract pulp, which was subsequently mixed with water (1:4 m:w). This study examined the changes in total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH). After a month of frozen storage at -18°C, reductions were observed in total acid content, color, TPC, and DPPH. After pasteurizing the extract at 90°C for 3, 6, and 9 min, the TPC ratios were 65.61, 55.21, and 45.60%, and those of DPPH were 66.43, 59.68, and 45.75%, respectively. After 30 days of storage at 40°C, the TPC and DPPH decreased by 65 – 74% and 53 – 60%, respectively. The TPC exhibited half-life values of t1/2_90°C = 8.224 and t1/2_40°C = 2.576×104 min. The corresponding DPPH values were 8.476 and 3.864×104 min, respectively. These findings indicate that polyphenol compounds in fruit pulp are heat-sensitive and can be degraded under high temperatures. This study provides a foundation for further investigation of the antioxidant compounds present in the fruit and potential strategies to enhance their value.

The study aimed to determine the appropriate proportion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BV818, temperature, and time in the fermentation of the wine from Noni fruit. Noni pulp was diluted with water and adjusted to a total soluble solid content of 20°Brix and a pH of 4.5 before pasteurization with NaHSO₃ (122 mg/L ) for 2 hours. The juice was supplemented with yeast at 50÷200 mg/100 mL concentrations. Fermentation was then carried out at room temperature (28÷30°C) and cold temperature (10÷20°C) for 2÷5 days. Then, ethanol, vitamin C, total polyphenols (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC) content, and sensory characteristics (clarity, aroma, taste, and overall preference) of the wine were analyzed and evaluated. The findings showed that the appropriate conditions were to supplement 150 mg/100 mL of yeast and ferment it at room temperature for 4 days. The ethanol content in Noni wine reached 12.36±1.77%, with content of vitamin C, TPC, and TFC of 14.08±0.44 mg/100 mL, 46.56±0.08 mg GAE/100 mL, and 4.68±0.03 mg QE/100 mL, respectively. Additionally, Noni wine achieved high sensory values for clarity, aroma, taste, and overall preference (4.47±0.52, 4.47±0.52, 4.20±0.41 and 6.73±0.88, respectively).

Orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) play a crucial role in promoting water and nutrient absorption by the root system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of OMF forms in the roots and growing media of Cymbidium sp. orchids cultivated at orchid gardens in Ho Chi Minh City. The root samples were stained with trypan blue according to TCVN 12560-2:2018 in order to observe hyphae morphology. The spore formed in the growing medium were collected using the wet sieving and decanting technique according to the Vietnam Standard TCVN 12560:1-2018 and stained with Melzer + PVLG in order to observe spore morphology. The results showed that four types of fungal hyphae were recorded in the roots. The SN1 strain was recorded at the most common form in the roots with an occurrence rate of 70.0%. The occurrence of eight spore forms were recognized in the growing media. OMF-1 was the dominant spore form in the growing media with the occurrence rate upto 100.0% and the highest average spore density of 2.00 spores/g of substrate.

Euphorbia sp. is one of the newly introduced plants in Vietnam. It is primarily exploited in the form of ornamental foliage. However, research on the pharmacological effects of quartz according to modern medicine seems to be limited. This study aimed to quantify some bioactive compounds in the extract of this plant using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The HPLC results showed that the extract contains of quercetin (2.18 mg.g-1 DW), tannic acid (73.44 mg.g-1 DW), apigenin (40.76 mg.g-1 DW), and caffeine (0.51 mg.g-1 DW). In addition, it demonstrates the iron chelation ability of the thach anh extract with an EC50=71.29 µg/mL, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the extract with an EC50=699.44 µg/mL, and antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Listeria innocua ATCC33090 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853.

The study was carried out to determine the influences of a biofertilizer containing nitrogen-fixing and phosphorous-solubilizing purple non-sulfur bacteria on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) plants. A pot experiment consisted of five treatments following a completely randomized block design with four replications, each of which was represented by a pot. The treatments included (1): supplying inorganic fer of 100% N, P according to the recommended dose (ATRD); (2): supplying a biofertilizer containing the four nitrogen-fixing and phosphorous-solubilizing Rhodopseudomonas palustris TLS06, VNW02, VNW64 and VNS89 plus 75% N, P ATRD; (3): the biofertilizers plus 50% N, P ATRD; (4): supplying the biofertilizers plus 0% N, P ATRD and (5): 0% N, P ATRD. The result showed that the treatment supplied with the biofertilizers containing strains of R. palustris TLS06, VNW02, VNW64 and VNS89 combined with 75% N, P ATRD resulted in a maintenance of growth, yield components and yield of okra, statistically the same as those in the treatment fertilized with 100% N, P ATRD. Application of biofertilizers plus 75% N, P ATRD produced a yield (35.6 g pot-1), equal to that of the treatment of 100% N, P ATRD (35.9 g pot-1).

This study assessed cultivation practices and the economic performance of rice farming systems on acid sulfate soils in Long My district, Hau Giang province, where low soil pH and nutrient deficiencies constrain production. A household survey was conducted in Vinh Vien A commune with 60 rice farmers. Results showed that 64% of arable land was classified as acid sulfate soils, creating substantial production challenges. Key constraints included excessive seeding rates (>120 kg/ha), imbalanced fertilizer use (excess phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium), and frequent pesticide applications (approximately 8.6 applications per season), all of which increased costs and reduced efficiency. The two-crop system outperformed the three-crop system, achieving an average yield of 6.22 t/ha, a profit of about 31 million VND/ha (≈1,300 USD/ha), and a return on investment (ROI) of 2.03. Although the three-crop system generated higher gross revenue due to favorable Autumn–Winter prices, elevated production costs reduced its profitability. Overall, the two-crop system was identified as more sustainable and economically viable, though it remains vulnerable to risks from fluctuating rice prices and inefficient input management.

The study aims to determine the appropriate planting density and amount of organic microbial fertilizer for Huong Thanh 10 rice variety grown in Thanh Hoa province to high growth and yield. The experiment was conducted with two factor: splanting density at 3 levels: 30, 40 and 50 plant/m2and amount of organic microbial fertilizer at 4 levels, 6.6; 6.8; 7.0; 7.2 tons/ha. The experiment was designed in a split-plot with three replications. The results showed that, rice variety Huong Thanh 10 at a planting density of 30 plant/m2 and used 7.0 tons/ha of microbial organic fertilizer, the plant height, maximum number of branches and effective number of branches, growth time are highest, in the Spring crop respectively 106.2 cm; 7.2 plant/cluster; 5.9 plant/cluster; 132 days and in the Summer season respectively reached 119.2 cm; 5.8 branches/cluster; 4.9 branches/cluster; 103 days. The treatment with a planting density of 40 plant/m2 and used 7.0 tons/ha of microbial organic fertilizer achieved the highest theoretical yield reached 8.2 tons/ha in the Spring crop and 6.2 tons/ha in the Summer crop, the actual yield reached 6.9 tons/ha in the Spring crop and 4.8 tons/ha in the Summer crop.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of preharvest calcium chloride (CaCl₂) application on the yield and fruit quality of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. quyt hong. The experiment was carried out from August 2023 to February 2024 at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Can Tho University, and in the field at Hoa Long Commune, Dong Thap Province - a major growing region for quyt hong. The results indicated that preharvest CaCl₂ treatment significantly improved several fruit quality parameters, including total soluble solids (°Brix), peel color uniformity, and reduction in segment drying. The treatment with 1.000 ppm CaCl₂ applied twice showed the best performance, reducing the percentage of segment drying to 59.22%, compared to 79.12% in the control. Additionally, the °Brix values of treated fruits were higher than those of the untreated control, indicating an increase in sugar content - a key factor enhancing sensory quality and market value. Treated fruits also exhibited more uniform and brighter peel coloration, improving their visual appeal and consumer preference.

Assessing the current status of gill net and trawl fisheries in the offshore area of Ca Mau province was conducted from September 2023 to October 2024. The study interviewed 113 fishermen about the technical and financial aspects of these two fishing methods. Results show that both fisheries can operate year-round. The average annual yield of the trawl fishery (395 tons/ship/year) was significantly higher than that of the gill net fishery (72.6 tons/ship/year). The ratio of trash fish of the gill net fishery (2.66%) was much lower than that of the trawl fishery (53.1%). Trawl vessels had an average annual revenue of 13,384 million VND/ship/year and an average profit of 4,363 million VND/ship/year. For gill net vessels, the average annual revenue was 3,257 million VND/ship/year, with a profit of 1,130 million VND/ship/year. The profit ratio of the gill net fishery was 0.53 times compared to 0.48 times for the trawl fishery. The gill net fishery has a lower trash fish ratio and impact on the decline of aquatic resources than that of trawl net, so it should be promoted to enhance sustainability.

The effect of different extraction solvents (distilled water, 50% ethanol, and 70% ethanol) on the phenolic content of garlic extract was investigated. The results showed that garlic extracted in 70% ethanol yielded the highest polyphenol content (157 mg GAE/g). The PTO whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was soaked in garlic extract solution at a concentration of 2%, and its impact on quality was analyzed over 18 days of refrigerated storage (4±2ºC) by assessing Peroxide Value (PV), Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), texture, sensory scores, and total aerobic bacteria. After 12 days of storage, the shrimp samples treated with 2% garlic extract solution effectively inhibited lipid oxidation, with a PV of 1.63 meq/kg and TBARS of 3.88 mg MDA/kg, whereas the control samples had PV and TBARS values of 1.87 meq/kg and 4.36 mg MDA/kg, respectively. Additionally, the shrimp samples with garlic extract solution exhibited higher hardness and lower total aerobic bacteria compared to the samples that were not treated with garlic solution during the same storage period.

Innovative capacity (IC), defined as the ability to engage in divergent thinking, is a critical factor in enhancing the drive for learning and research motivation. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI) tools promote exploration and creativity by providing significant support to students during the research process. This study examines the moderating role of AI in the relationship between IC and undergraduate research motivation, using the theoretical foundations of Expectancy-Value Theory and Self-Determination Theory. A quantitative analysis was performed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach, based on primary data obtained from a survey of 923 university students. The results demonstrate that IC has a positive effect on students' research motivation, and this relationship is further strengthened with increased utilization of AI tools. Based on the analysis and findings, this study proposes several recommendations to advance IC and improve undergraduate research motivation.

The research has developed a process to guide the exploitation and use of Mozaik 3D digital learning resources to support primary teachers in designing lesson plans and organizing teaching on the Human and health topic in the Nature and Society grade 3. The process of testing primary teachers on digital learning resources shows that they appreciate the support of these digital learning materials in designing lessons, helping teachers' lessons become more lively, attracting students and improving the quality of teaching. The experimental process on 35 students in the experimental class and 35 students in the control class at Vo Thi Sau Primary School (District 12, Ho Chi Minh City) when teaching lesson plans using Mozaik 3D digital learning materials for discovery activities shows that using Mozaik 3D digital learning materials in teaching helps students achieve the required requirements with a higher average score than the control class. On the other hand, students also showed more interest and initiative in learning, most of them wanted to continue using Mozaik 3D digital learning materials in lessons and other subjects.

This paper explores the use of ChatGPT in learning and teaching, focusing on the experiences of pedagogy students at Can Tho University. The study surveys 121 pedagogy students to assess the extent of use, methods of application, advantages, disadvantages, and measures for optimizing ChatGPT in education. Findings indicate that students primarily use ChatGPT for information retrieval, assignment support, and lesson planning, which helps save time but also poses risks such as AI dependency, misinformation, and reduced critical thinking skills. The paper summarises measures such as guided and controlled usage, training in information verification skills, and integrating AI into teaching with proper direction. Additionally, it encourages a flexible approach to maximize the benefits of ChatGPT without compromising educational quality.

Xuan Quang Marquis Nguyen Khac Tuan (1767 - 1823) was born into a normal family in Tan An village, today, it is Tan Chanh commune, Can Duoc district, Long An province. During this turbulent period of history, he chose a military career to establish himself, joining Nguyen Anh's forces and being promoted to various positions such as Commander, General, and Imperial Commissioner, eventually receiving the noble title of Marquis. After his death, Emperor Minh Mang graciously arranged for his remains to be brought back to his hometown for burial. In his homeland, he was revered by the people and enshrined in the Tan Chanh communal house as the village's second deity. Currently, the Tan Chanh communal house preserves many Han Nom documents related to his life, with the most significant being official documents, amounting to 65 texts. These documents, which include directives and orders addressed to Nguyen Khac Tuan, provide valuable information about the social situation in Vietnam at the time, particularly the bandit uprisings in Northern Vietnam from 1798 to 1808. From survey results, the author introduces the directives preserved at the Tan Chanh communal house, timely supplementing research materials on the social situation in Vietnam during this period and the life of Xuân Quang Marquis Nguyen Khac Tuan.

Tham Tam - one of the talented modern narrative writers, has successfully exploited folk materials, renewing ancient motifs, mainly the motif of revenge and the motif of gratitude. With this research, we focus on examining the above two motifs in the collection of stories “Hai cay hoa nhai” to analyze the author's way of rewriting and transforming old stories to convey the profound philosophy of cause and effect, gratitude and retribution to readers. From there, the article not only serves as a basis to affirm that the motif of revenge and revenge becomes a specific motif for the fairy tale genre, but also provides an additional useful document for the study of children's literature from the perspective of poetics and from the perspective of culture.

In the 2018 Literature curriculum, modern Vietnamese fictional prose works are included in the literary texts at the secondary schools and high schools. This article primarily employs methods such as archetypal criticism, typological approach, as well as statistical, analytical, and comparative techniques. The study focuses on the characteristics of the archetypal earth and water in modern Vietnamese fictional prose within the 2018 Literature curriculum. The research findings indicate that archetypal earth and water take on various forms; earth possesses a vital, life-generating force and can provide shelter for all beings, while water serves as a source of life and has the ability to purify the human soul. The article aims to clarify the role of the archetypal earth and water in modern Vietnamese fictional prose, thereby enriching the teaching and reception of literature in the 2018 Literature curriculum.

The dissemination of legal education among border residents plays a crucial role in ensuring security, maintaining social order, and safeguarding national border sovereignty. In Binh Phuoc province, the Border Guard has actively collaborated with local authorities and relevant organizations to implement various legal education initiatives. These efforts include training programs, seminars, and innovative approaches such as the “Border Guard Propaganda Loudspeakers” and “Skilled Civil Affairs” models. Despite notable achievements, challenges remain in effectively disseminating legal education. This study examines the current state of legal education dissemination for border residents in Binh Phuoc province, identifies key successes and limitations, and proposes practical solutions to enhance its effectiveness. Strengthening legal awareness among border communities is essential for fostering a law-abiding and sustainable society.

The epic poetry Ngu ngon cua nguoi dang tri is a collection of epic poetry characterized by a strong surreal writing style, where the subject and the world presented in the work bear a profound existential mark. The epic reflects the spirit of existentialism in the creative conception of the poet Ngo Kha, while also expressing an artistic view of humanity, particularly focusing on the individual dimension of human experience. Although this epic has been studied in several previous works, the issue of existential subjectivity has not been thoroughly explored and remains limited. Through the experimentation of the subjectivity category from existential philosophy to literature, this article analyzes existential subjectivity in relation to itself and its relationship with others within the scope of the epic Ngu ngon cua nguoi dang tri. From this, it aims to provide further insights into the notion of subjectivity in the work, tracing the existential journey from destruction and disintegration of the self to the creation of identity, rebirth, and the conscious striving for freedom.

This article examines the impact of digital financial inclusion and human development on income inequality using data collected from 53 nations worldwide between 2015 and 2022. The results of Bayesian regression models demonstrate that digital financial inclusion increases income disparity, whereas human development reduces the gap. However, the interaction of these two variables helps to close the income disparity. Furthermore, the impact of control variables on income inequality is not uniform. Unemployment, economic growth, inflation, population growth and institutions have positive impacts on income inequality while trade openness, remittances and foreign direct investment have negative impacts. Based on these findings, the authors have recommended policy implications for reducing income disparity in countries.

In the digital era, social media influencers (SMIs) play a crucial role in shaping consumer perceptions and enhancing their engagement with brands. This study explores the impact of content characteristics factors, including information quality, design quality, and creativity on parasocial relationships while also assessing the influence of these relationships on three aspects of consumer behavior: consumption, contribution, and content creation. Research data was collected through surveys and quantitative analysis to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicate that all content-related factors positively affect social virtual relationships. Moreover, social virtual relationships significantly impact consumers' consumption, contribution, and content creation behaviors. These findings provide important theoretical and practical implications for marketers and content creators in developing optimal strategies to enhance consumer engagement and interaction in the digital environment.

This study explores the causal relationship between exports and economic growth in the Vietnamese economy by using the dataset obtained from the World Bank during the period 1990 - 2022. The vector autoregressive (VAR) model is applied to control for the potential endogeneity problems between the two variables of interest. The estimation results show that export activities help promote economic growth. Simultaneously, economic growth also motivates an increase in exports. In addition, the results also indicate that both exports and economic growth have been positively affected by their lagged variables. Firms should engage in exports to reduce production costs, enhance their competitive advantage, and increase labor productivity. Furthermore, policymakers should incentivize firms to engage in exports, thus encouraging economic growth.

This study determines the sources of income inequality between the first quartile (Q1) and the fourth quartile (Q4) households in rural  areas of the Mekong Delta by using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method together with data from the 2018 and 2020 Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey. The results showed that although the income gap between rich and poor households decreased in 2020, the average income of wealthy households was still about 4 times higher than that of poor households. Of the two effects that cause inequality, the characteristic effect and the coefficient effect, the coefficient effect accounts for 85% - 94% of the income gap between the two household groups. Wealthy households have more abundant human, physical and natural capital and use them more efficiently, thus generating higher returns, and increasing inequality in rural areas of the Mekong Delta.