The aim of this research was to study the effects of soil bottom ponds in releasing nutrients N,P into water column, which in term may relate to the growth of chaetoceros sp. as water bloom. Soil samples were collected from two different Artemia in categorised into algae bloom (T2) versus non algae bloom (T4). The soil samples were then used to incubate into algae culture bottles in laboratory. Results indicated that chaetoceros sp. grew better (12 million cell/ml) in the pond T2 which was rich in soil organic matters, high concentration of labile organic nitrogen, high amount of N and P mineralized compared to T4 pond (10 million cell/ml), the poor soil in all above parameters compared to walne medium, nutrients provided from soils was not optimum for chaetoceros sp. growth. However, soil rich in organic matter supplied nutrients in longer time and resulted in longer period for algae growing. In practical, farmers supply the same amount of inorganic fertilizer in the pond rich in soil organic matter as the poor soil. This nutrient management way leads to enhance the fast algal development resulted in algae bloom in Artemia ponds.

Through the field surveys on  Mango, Longan, Pomelo, Rose aple and Milk fruit at Can Tho city and its neighbor areas from 7/2005 to 3/2006, 11 species of loopers, which are 7 geometrids and 4 noctuids, have been recorded. Their main targets are flowers and young leaves. Seven of these species were recorded on Longan, 4 on Mango, 1 on Rose aple, 2 on Milk fruit and 2 on Pomelo. The two most important polyphagous species are Comibaena sp. and Thalassodes falsaria. They both have short a life cycle and yet have made tremendous damage on Longan and Mango.  

The survey results in the species composition of fishes in Hau basin at the An Phu district, An Giang province form February to July, 2007 show that there are 68 species belonging to 29 families in 10 orders. Amongst the species, there are 10 estuarine species belonging to 5 families in four orders. Hypistomus punitatus Valenciennes, 1840 and Colossoma branchypomum (Cuvier, 1818) werw 2 exotic species. There is a species Toxotes chatareus (Hamilton, 1822) was listed inViet NamRed Data Book, 2007. In this area, the composition of fish reach 39,30% total species composition in Mekong delta and 39,30% total species composition in the South of Vietnam. These data are essential materials for the managing and using biodiversity in this area.

The mangrove-shrimp system is popularly practiced in the coastal provinces in theMekongDelta, but the shrimp production was low. The area of mangrove forest is approximately 186,277 ha, in which 161,277.5 ha have been converted for shrimp farming and other activities since 1953 to 1995. There is the main challenge between the mangrove forest protection and the sustainable development of mangrove-shrimp system. To enhance sustainable shrimp production within the mangrove-shrimp system, research is needed on the key processes of ecological factors controlling pond production that is not only effective conservation of the mangrove-shrimp farming but also support local decision-maker in sustainable development of coastal area in the Mekong delta.

Dried Snakeskin gourami is one of the fish products traditionally consumed inVietnam. The conventional processing includes brine or dry-salting, and drying at moderate temperatures. In this study, the effect of different brine concentrations (15%, 18%, 21%, 24% and saturated NaCl, w/w) and other solutes on the moisture content and water activity (aw) of dried Snakeskin fish was  investigated. There were a significant decrease in water activity on the product due to the addition of ethanol as well as sucrose or glucose in salted fish. Corresponding to 34% moisture content in dried fish, an aw of 0,67 can be achieved due to the use of 21 ữ 24 % brine, combined with 1% sucrose and amounts of 35 mL ethanol/kg salted fish.

Four kinds of organic substrates were able to reduce soil exchangeable Al and to improve soil pH and P availability of acid sulfate soil.  The experiments showed that after three-month incubation of soils with organic substrates, the organic bound Al and Fe significantly increased. The NaOH-P fraction, i.e. chemi-adsorbed P on the surface of oxides and hydro-oxides Al, Fe strongly increased. The ascending order of organic substrates in reducing Al, Fe toxicity and improvement of P availability were: sugarcane filter cake compost > biogas sludge > pig manure > vermicompost. This study showed that application rate of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 in form of superphosphate had no effect on reduction of Al toxicity and improvement of P availability of studied soils. Maize growing on soils applied with 60 kg P2O5 and full NK showed the symtoms of P deficiency and bad plant growth.

Two diterpenic lactones, andrographolid (XTL1) and neoandrographolid (XTL2) were isolated from ethanol extracts of the whole plant of Andrographis paniculata Nees from Phu Yen by chromatographic methods.  Their structures were eluciated by spectrometric methods  including  1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, DEPT, HSQC,HMBC,MS.

Some Western scholars have been argued that learner autonomy is a Western value. However, in this paper, the author claims that learner autonomy is not biased just to Western values and that Asian learners are not un-autonomous by nature. The educational systems in Asian countries have not created sufficient opportunities for their learners to be autonomous. Learner autonomy can be stimulated in a non-Western context such asViet Namby implementing self-regulated learning at the class-room level. The author will present the results of two empirical studies on stimulating learner autonomy in a Vietnamese context.

This research examines the legal systems for the compulsory acquisition of land (CAL) inViet Nam, emphasizing the procedure and the relevant compensation arrangements. Based on the nature of the compulsory acquisition process, where individual properties are required for public purposes, the law is analysed throughout this research in terms of looking for ?a balance between public needs and private interests?. How this balance is struck, both in law and practice. The themes chosen and defended in this research are: the extent of the existence of settled laws defining legal interests in property; the existence of settled and fair procedures for acquiring land compulsorily, and fair compensation for land compulsorily acquired where necessary, which enable a balance to be struck between individual and public interests.

The Complete oxidation of p-xylene in the presence of H2O and H2S has been investigated. Its physico-chemical properties of metallic oxide catalysts have been examined from nitro isotherm adsorption at 77K (the BET method), pulse titration analysis, and temperature program reduction. The results showed that the ideal crystal size causing high conversion of p-xylene was 135-325A0. When this value was too high, the p-xylene conversion reduced dramatically. In addition, Al2O3 and MnO2 did not affect structures of catalysts, but they have a very important role in preventing the reductions of metallic oxides. Keywords: metallic oxide catalysts, activity, stability, structures Title: Investigation of physico-chemical properties of metallic oxide catalysts for complete oxidation

Implementing the Decree 14/2005/CT-UB dated August 2nd, 2005 by Municipal People?s Committee and Decree 77/2006/QD-UBND in supporting business registration, Cantho Department of Planning and Investment established the one-stop shop (OSS) within for business start-up division. The objective of the study was to evaluate the satisfaction of the enterprises with one- stop shop procedures for business registration. The results showed that there was a difference between the actual time needed to get a registration and the time set by the regulations. Most of entrepreneurs said that all business registration procedures at theOSS were clear and they rated this at a high level of satisfaction. The  professional knowledge and skills ofOSS staff were evaluated highly. It showed that theOSS policy has created a new move in administration reform to speed up business star- up procedures in which the human resources  had been the key successful factor.

Chaetoceros calcitrans are considered a valuable feed for Artemia. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and the N to P ratio in the soil and water column  of cultured Artemia ponds on the growth of Chaetoceros calcitrans. Bottom soil from an Artemia pond (pond T2, rich organic matter) was submerged in anInstantOceanmedium (70?) to obtain a soil to water ratio similar to field conditions.  The results indicated that the dissolved N and P had a positive effect on the growth of Chaetoceros calcitrans. The highest cell density (5 .106 cells ml-1) was obtained by using Walne solution. In the bottom soil (T2) medium the density of the algae reached 3 .106 cells ml-1.  The N to P ratio in the solution varied from 0.08 to 2240, the nutrients released were more than sufficient for Chaetoceros calcitrans growth, especially during the first week. In Artemia cultivation, nutrients relased from soil and incoming water need to be taken into account in order to  manage a balanced nutrient supply to the algae de velopment

From n-butanol extract of Tribulus terrestris L., one spirostanol saponin tribulosin (TLB5) was isolated by chromatographic methods. It?s structure was eluciated by modern spectrocopic methods such as: 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, DEPT, HSQC,HMBC,MSand compared with published literature.

Yoghurt is made by adding two types of cultures ? Lactobacillus delbruecki subsp. buligaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus ? to warm milk. The bacteria convert the milk?s sugar to lactic acid, which gives yoghurt its unique flavor. Due to the presence of the acid, the proteins change their structure, then form a delicate gel. Successful yoghurt production is directly related to the processing techniques employed, the correct selection of raw materrials, preservation, handling and propagation of the starter cultures that helps to standardise and maintain uniformity in the quality of the end product.

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel, made by a refinery chemical transesterification of an alcohol and vegetable or animal oils, fats. Biodiesel is one of several alternative fuels that have a place in the development of a balanced energy policy. This paper presents initial research results on the synthesis of biodiesel from catfish fat, a raw material which is plentifully available in theMekong Delta. The synthesis made use of ethanol instead of highly toxic methanol. Biodiesel (diesel sinh học) là loại nhiên liệu có thể tái sinh, được tổng hợp thông qua phản ứng chuyển hóa ester giữa dầu thực vật, mỡ động vật và một alcohol (methanol, ethanol,?). Biodiesel được xem là một trong những loại nhiên liệu thay thế nguồn nhiên liệu truyền thống, có vai trò quan trọng trong chiến lược phát triển và đảm bảo an ninh năng lượng. Bài báo này trình bày những kết quả nghiên cứu ban đầu về tổng hợp biodiesel từ mỡ cá basa, một loại nguyên liệu phong phú và rẻ tiền ở Đồng Bằng Sông Cửu Long. Quy trình tổng hợp sử dụng ethanol thay thế cho methanol có độc tính cao.

In theMekongDelta, agricultural production has not paid much attention on using organic manure to maintain the natural soil fertility. Farmers use a lot of inorganic fertilizer for their crop production in order to increase yields. After long time using inorganic fertilizers, physical soil fertility tend to be degraded as the evidence of soil compaction, soil structure deterioration. This research has been based on the field experiments of different crops conducted in many areas in theMekongDelta. The results showed that in all experiment sites, the soils have been a very low content of organic matter; pH level ranges from fairly low to neutral. After using organic fertilizer for two upland crops, soil bulk density and aggregate stability have been improved in comparison with conventional practice. For paddy soils, since the year 2002, the addition of organic manure has significantly enhanced soil aggregate stability.

Rice blast races were collected over seasons in the period of 2006-2007 in Can Tho, An Giang, Tien Giang, Soc Trang and Ben Tre provinces which responsed different for Japanese differential varieties. Can Tho and An Giang are locations where usually identified into high virulence races and susceptible reaction of test varieties up to 60-98%. Results indicated that such promising rice varieties of MTL480, MTL543, MTL546, MTL547, MTL550, MTL555, MTL569, MTL575 had tolerance over seasons and locations. In addition, varieties of MTL392, MTL499, MTL500, MTL567, MTL145 which had high yield and good quality but were susceptible to blast over sites were paid special attention in practical technique.

Experiments were carried out to find a method for making bio-compost from coconut coir dust. Three composts were evaluated for improving of maize yield on  sandy soil . Treatment with a solution of CaO was the most effective way to remove tannin from coir dust, reducing the tannin level by about 97%. The compost mixtures containing of coconut coir dust together with sugarcane filter cake and sugarcane trash, cow dung and Trichoderma fungi  was well decomposed, with a low C/N ratio, high total NPK and high available N. Composts mixtures containing coconut coir dust along with rice husk and sugarcane filter cake were less decomposed and had a lower nutrient status. The results showed that application 10 t.ha-1 compost 1 and compost 2 along with 70% amount inorganic fertilizers could increase maize yield significantly compared to two conventional treatments. The first compost mixtures was a good product which led to reduced  environmental pollution and  improved crop yield on infertile soils.

Sinorhizobium fredii [isolate VN064] and Pseudomonas spp [isolate P14] were used to biofertilizer production for soybean cultivation in Dong Thap province with suitable carrier [50% peat and 50% sugar-byproduct (bagasse) plus 1% CMC] in granule formula. This carrier helped bacteria prolonge high survival during 6 months (bacteria population over log10=8,4 - 8,7/g carrier](TCVN-6166-1996 and 6167-1996 in 2001 Department of Agriculture and Rural Development).

The experiment was conducted with 54 pigs, average initial weight of 30 kgs. The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block with 3 factors: (1) breed - 3 breeds including YL, LY and DYL, (2) temperature - 3 levels: 25oC, 29oC and normal environment temperature , (3) sex: 2 sexes including female and castrated male. The results showed that the basic blood values including WBC, RBC, HGB of pigs during the period of 30 kg bodyweight were affected by the raising temperature more strongly than those of the pigs during the mature period (90 kgs); otherwise, the blood protein values were affected by the raising temperature more strongly during the mature period in comparison with the period of 30 kg bodyweight. The breed factor affected only HCT, PLT during both two period of 30 kgs and 90 kgs, but did not affect other parameters. There was no difference in the physiological blood values of the female and castrated male pigs. The physiological blood values of pigs were changed significantly during the period of 30 kg bodyweight comparing with the period of 90 kg bodyweight.

Đồng bào Khmer đồng bằng sông Cửu Long là một bộ phận không tách rời trong cộng đồng 54 dân tộc anh em, là một bộ phận quan trọng trong khối đại đoàn kết dân tộc. Tín ngưỡng tôn giáo độc tôn và lớn nhất của đồng bào Khmer là Phật giáoNamtông. Bài viết khái quát và hệ thống các chính sách về tôn giáo của Đảng ta nói chung và  Đảng bộ các tỉnh thành Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long nói riêng đối với đồng bào Khmer nhằm góp phần củng cố và tăng cường khối đại đoàn kết toàn dân. Khẳng định những chuyển biến tích cực trong đời sống vật chất và tinh thần của đồng bào Khmer và chỉ ra những tồn tại cần khắc phục. Trên cơ sở đó, nêu ra một số kiến nghị thuộc về giải pháp đối với đồng bào Khmer theo Phật giáoNamtông.

Anthracnose disease samples of mango and durian were collected in Tien Giang, Dong Thap, Vinh Long, An Giang, Soc Trang, Can Tho, Tra Vinh and Ca Mau province, then isolated into 105 fungal isolates (73 isolates from mango and 32 isolates from durian) and studied their biological characteristics. Based on the species classification criteria of Sutton (1980), Simmonds (1965),  Mordue (1971), Swart (1999) and CABI (2003), two Colletotrichum species were identified as Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and another species was not identified, called Colletotrichum sp. C. acutatum caused anthracnose only on foliage, flowers and fruits of mango; C. gloeosporoides  damaged not only on mango but also on durian. Among six fungicides selected for in-vitro testing, Nustar 40 EC, Carban 50 SC, Copper-B 75 WP, Score 250 ND and Ridomil 68 WP gave high toxicity to all three Colletotrichum species.

Sesbania Sesban is an aquatic plant can adapt to different environmental conditions. Type of soils is one of factors affect on Sesbania Sesban growing. Sesbania Sesban was planted with six type of soils such as Muddy soil, Sanddy soil, Alluvial soil, Aluminium soil, Alkaline soil, and Cley. The results showed that they grew fastest in Muddy soil but slow in Aluminium soil and Alkaline soil.

In this study, the extraction conditions of pectin from Cocculus sarmentosus (Lour.) Diels) leaves were examined. The highest yield of pectin was 9.63 % in the extraction condition of hot-acidic water (pH = 3 at 85oC).  The pectin product is of 78.51%  purity with 77.53%  esterification degree. The water-soluble sodium-copper-chlorophyllin, synthesized from chlorophyll by-product of pectin extraction, was achieved with 89.68% of purity. Both pectin and chlorophyllin obtained products can be used in food processing.

This paper introduces the composition and distribution of earthworms in belt ofTienRiver. A total of 17 species of earthworms have been found in this area. Among them, Dic. bolaui, Gor. elegans, Ph. campanulata were the first to be found in theMekongDelta. Among 7 genus which we have found, there were 10 species of the genus Pheretima. There were three morpho - ecological groups of earthwroms. There was the least species in humus group (3 species). In belt of Tien river, composition of earthworms were the highest in middle stream but density and biomass were the highest in the upper reaches and lower sections. Composition of earthworms were the highest in perennial land but density and biomass were the highest livestock farms. There was one dominant species for each biotope.This area, most of earthworms were hollow group. There were 2 spcies of oscillate group, no species lived in deep.

Sixty-two bacteria isolates composing of 17 proteolytic bacteria, 24 cellulolytic bacteria, 21 amylolytic bacteria were isolated from wastewater of two municipal solidwaste plants Dong Thanh and Tan Long, CanTho city on specific media. Among the whole bacteria isolated, there were 19 mesophilic bacteria and 32 thermophilic bacteria. In which there were 12 isolates having high effectiveness in both of meso and thermopile and in three kinds of material.