Phân tích đánh đổi phát thải khí nhà kính - hiệu quả kinh tế trên mô hình canh tác nông nghiệp tỉnh Sóc Trăng
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Abstract
The study estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and analyzed the trade-offs in economic efficiency across different agricultural land-use models in Sóc Trăng province. The research methodology utilized Sentinel-1 satellite imagery to map the current cropping structure. It estimated GHG emission factors following the IPCC (2019) guidelines, followed by an economic efficiency analysis based on emission levels. The results indicated that the highest emission level was associated with the triple rice cropping system, reaching 7,566.36 kg CO₂e/ha/year. In contrast, the lowest emissions were observed in the single rice crop system at 2,324.99 kg CO₂e/ha/year. The economic trade-off analysis revealed that the triple rice cropping model had the highest emission intensity, with 83.41 kg CO₂e per million VND. In contrast, shallot cultivation had the lowest trade-off rate, with only 5.75 kg CO₂e per million VND. These findings provide essential insights into GHG emissions from different agricultural systems at the local level.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu đã ước tính lượng phát thải khí nhà kính (KNK) và phân tích đánh đổi hiệu quả kinh tế trên từng mô hình canh tác sử dụng đất nông nghiệp tại tỉnh Sóc Trăng. Ảnh vệ tinh Sentinel-1 được áp dụng để xây dựng bản đồ hiện trạng cơ cấu mùa vụ và ước tính hệ số phát thải KNK theo hướng dẫn của IPCC. Sau đó việc phân tích đánh giá hiệu quả kinh tế dựa trên lượng phát thải được tiến hành. Kết quả ước tính cho thấy lượng phát thải cao nhất thuộc về mô hình lúa ba vụ với 7.566,36 kg CO₂tđ/ha/năm, trong khi mô hình phát thải thấp nhất là lúa 1 vụ với 2.324,99 kg CO₂tđ/ha/năm. Kết quả phân tích đánh đổi hiệu quả kinh tế cho thấy trên cùng đơn vị lợi nhuận, mô hình lúa ba vụ có mức phát thải cao nhất, với 83,41 kg CO₂tđ/triệu đồng, trong khi hành tím có mức đánh đổi thấp nhất, chỉ 5,75 kg CO₂tđ/triệu đồng. Kết quả nghiên cứu cung cấp thông tin quan trọng về phát thải KNK từ các loại hình canh tác nông nghiệp tại địa phương.
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