Đánh giá hiện trạng quản lý chất thải điện tử tại các hộ gia đình thị xã Long Mỹ và huyện Vị Thủy, tỉnh Hậu Giang
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Abstract
The study was conducted to assess the current status of generation and management and propose solutions for the management of electronic waste in households in Long My town and Vi Thuy district, Hau Giang province. Data collected from 180 households and 20 recycling collection facilities showed that the number of devices generated from 08 types of equipment was 750 units/year with a weight of 2,609 kg/year (average 3.97 kg/person/year), of which light bulb was the type of equipment with the highest generation rate but the shortest lifespan (3.3 years). Electronic waste management in the area still has many limitations since households mainly collect and process by themselves in the form of selling scrap (80%). In addition, the representative entities implementing management are manufacturers who have not yet deployed collection locations in the area. From there, a management solution for the area is proposed by establishing a collection and treatment model to comply with legal policies, contributing to achieving the recycling target as prescribed.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu được thực hiện với mục tiêu đánh giá hiện trạng phát sinh và công tác quản lý nhằm đề xuất giải pháp quản lý chất thải điện tử tại các hộ gia đình thị xã Long Mỹ và huyện Vị Thủy, tỉnh Hậu Giang. Số liệu được thu thập từ 180 hộ dân cùng 20 cơ sở thu gom tái chế cho thấy số lượng phát sinh từ 08 loại thiết bị là 750 chiếc/năm với khối lượng 2.609 kg/năm (trung bình 3,97 kg/người/năm), trong đó bóng đèn là loại thiết bị định mức thải cao nhất nhưng lại có tuổi thọ thấp nhất (3,3 năm). Công tác quản lý chất thải điện tử tại khu vực còn nhiều hạn chế khi các hộ dân tự thu gom và xử lý là chủ yếu với hình thức bán phế liệu (80%). Bên cạnh đó, chủ thể đại diện thực hiện quản lý là các nhà sản xuất chưa triển khai các địa điểm thu hồi thiết bị trên khu vực. Từ đó, giải pháp quản lý cho khu vực được đề xuất bằng mô hình thu hồi và xử lý nhằm thực hiện đúng theo chính sách pháp luật, góp phần đạt mục tiêu tái chế theo quy định.
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