Hiệu quả phối hợp phương pháp tiêm và cho ăn vắc xin trong phòng bệnh gan thận mủ (Edwardsiella ictaluri) trên cá tra (Pangasianodon hypothalamus)
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Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combined injection and oral vaccination against Edwardsiella ictaluri in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) based on growth performance, RPS%, and immune gene expression. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with four treatment groups: (NT1) injection on day 1 followed by oral vaccination on day 30, (NT2) injection on day 1 without further oral vaccination, (NT3) no injection on day 1 but with oral vaccination on day 30, and (NT4-Control) no injection or oral vaccination at any point. After 50 days, all groups were challenged with E. ictaluri to evaluate vaccine-induced protection. The challenged result showed that the highest RPS protection rate was NT1 (61.9%), followed by NT2 and NT3, with 47.6% and 33.3%, respectively. Furthermore, both injection and oral vaccination led to immune gene upregulation, indicating immune activation in the experimental fish. These results demonstrate that a combination of injection and oral vaccination enhances protective efficacy and is a promising strategy to boost disease resistance in the striped catfish.
Tóm tắt
Trong nghiên cứu, việc đánh giá hiệu quả khi phối hợp tiêm và cho ăn vắc xin phòng bệnh gan thận mủ (Edwardsiella ictaluri) trên cá tra (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) thông qua các chỉ tiêu tăng trưởng, khả năng bảo hộ (RPS%) và biểu hiện gen miễn dịch đã được thực hiện. Thí nghiệm được bố trí hoàn toàn ngẫu nhiên:(NT1) tiêm vắc xin ở ngày đầu và cho ăn vắc xin ngày thứ 30,(NT2) tiêm vắc xin ở ngày đầu và không cho ăn vắc xin ngày thứ 30, (NT3) không tiêm vắc xin ngày đầu và cho ăn vắc xin ngày thứ 30, và (NT4 - đối chứng) không tiêm vắc xin vào ngày đầu và không cho ăn vắc xin vào ngày thứ 30. Sau 50 ngày, tất cả các nghiệm thức được gây cảm nhiễm với E. ictaluri để đánh giá khả năng bảo hộ của vắc xin. Kết quả cảm nhiễm cho thấy hệ số RPS cao nhất được ghi nhận ở nghiệm thức NT1 (61,9%), tiếp theo là NT2 và NT3 lần lượt là 47,6% và 33,3%. Ngoài ra, sự tăng biểu hiện gen miễn dịch sau khi tiêm hoặc cho ăn vắc xin cho thấy sự kích hoạt hệ miễn dịch cá thí nghiệm. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy sự phối hợp tiêm và cho ăn vắc xin không chỉ nâng cao hiệu quả bảo hộ mà còn là một giải pháp tiềm năng để tăng cường sức đề kháng cho cá tra.
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