Hiệu quả kiểm soát nấm Colletotrichum sp. và Fusarium solani gây bệnh cây trồng của một số dịch trích thực vật ở điều kiện phòng thí nghiệm
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Abstract
Many types of plant extracts, such as rose laurel, piper betle, hairy beggarticks and garlic bulb, can biocontrol plant pathogens to reduce the use of chemical pesticides. The objective of the study was to select the best plant extract to control mycelium and fungal spores of Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium solani, causing plant diseases under laboratory conditions. Research results showed that all 4 types of plant extracts could inhibit Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium solani, with inhibition efficiency ranging from 1.4-100%, in which the treatment using garlic extract at a concentration of 10% with ethanol 20o as a solvent could totally inhibit fungal mycelium on PDA medium. Moreover, garlic extract completely inhibited the spore formation and development of these two fungi in PDB medium after 9 incubation days. In summary, 10% garlic extract can inhibit the growth of mycelium and spores of Colletotrichum sp. and Fusarium solani under laboratory conditions and has a high potential for application to control plant diseases.
Tóm tắt
Nhiều loại dịch trích thực vật như trúc đào, trầu không, thu thảo và tỏi có khả năng ức chế vi sinh gây bệnh cây trồng. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm tuyển chọn loại dịch trích thực vật có khả năng kiểm soát tốt khuẩn ty và bào tử nấm Colletotrichum sp. và Fusarium solani ở điều kiện phòng thí nghiệm. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy cả 4 loại dịch trích thực vật khảo sát đều có khả năng ức chế tốt nấm Colletotrichum sp. và Fusarium solani với hiệu quả ức chế dao động từ 1,4 đến 100%, trong đó nghiệm thức sử dụng dịch trích tỏi nồng độ 10% với dung môi là ethanol 20o có khả năng ức chế hoàn toàn khuẩn ty nấm trên môi trường PDA, đồng thời ức chế hoàn toàn sự hình thành và phát triển bào tử 2 dòng nấm này trong môi trường PDB sau 9 ngày. Tóm lại, dịch trích tỏi 10% có khả năng ức chế rất tốt sự phát triển hệ sợi và bào tử nấm Colletotrichum sp. và Fusarium solani ở điều kiện phòng thí nghiệm và có tiềm năng cao trong kiểm soát bệnh cây trồng.
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