Khảo sát tương tác của tuyến trùng Meloidogyne incognita và nấm Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense trên cây chuối già Nam Mỹ (Musa acuminata) trong điều kiện nhà lưới
Abstract
Investigation of the interaction between the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense cause Panama wilt disease on Cavendish bananas Musa cavendish “Grande Naine”. This study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous interaction of two pathogens and how the sequential increase in nematode populations affects the symptoms of Panama wilt. The results showed that simultaneously infected with two nematode and fungal agents had lower plant growth parameters and showed more severe symptoms of wilting and nutritional deficiency compared with the experimental ones infected individually. This level increased rapidly and was aggravated by the increased number of nematodes present simultaneously. In the treatment with the nematode M. incognita (1 individual/g soil) and the fungus Fusarium oxysporum (106 spores/mL), the plant growth was reduced and lower than that of the treatment alone, and the symptoms increased and wilting was proportional to the number of nematodes M. incognita. However, in the experiment infecting 4 nematodes/g of soil interacting with 106 fungal spores/mL, the density of nematodes increased the least compared to the other infection experiments, showing that with the density of infection. Initially high, there was a competition between the two parasitic agents.
Tóm tắt
Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm khảo sát sự tương tác giữa tuyến trùng bướu rễ Meloidogyne incognita và nấm Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense gây bệnh héo rũ Panama trên giống chuối già Nam Mỹ Musa cavendish “Grande Naine” đánh giá sự tương tác đồng thời của hai tác nhân mầm bệnh và sự gia tăng tuần tự của mật số tuyến trùng đến triệu chứng héo rũ Panama. Kết quả ghi nhận tại các thí nghiệm được lây nhiễm kết hợp đồng thời hai tác nhân tuyến trùng và nấm bệnh đều có chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng của cây thấp hơn, biểu hiện triệu chứng héo rũ và/hoặc thiếu dinh dưỡng nặng hơn so với khi lây nhiễm riêng lẻ, mức độ này tăng nhanh và trầm trọng hơn theo sự gia tăng mật số tuyến trùng hiện diện đồng thời. Nghiệm thức mật độ tuyến trùng Meloidogyne incognita 1 con/g đất và nấm Fusarium oxysporum 106 bào tử/mL thì sự phát triển của cây đã giảm và thấp hơn so với nghiệm thức chỉ xâm nhiễm riêng lẻ và sự gia tăng triệu chứng héo rũ tỷ lệ thuận với mật số tuyến trùng M. incognita. Tuy nhiên, thí nghiệm lây nhiễm 4 con tuyến trùng/g đất tương tác với 106 bào tử nấm/mL thì mật độ tuyến trùng gia tăng thấp nhất cho thấy với mật độ lây nhiễm ban đầu cao đã có sự cạnh tranh giữa hai tác nhân ký sinh.
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